跨语言分析自闭症儿童语音特征，发现共性与语言差异
Cross-linguistic Prosodic Analysis of Autistic and Non-autistic Child Speech in Finnish, French and Slovak
- 通过多语言语音数据提取88个声学特征，结合统计建模分析
- 自闭症儿童普遍声音更清晰、强度变化大，但语调更低、动态弱
- 研究支持语音特征可作为跨语言自闭症标志，适合语言病理与认知研究者
自闭症的韵律特征已有充分记录，但跨语言证据仍有限。本研究基于芬兰语、法语和斯洛伐克语的多语言语料库，分析自闭症与非自闭症儿童的语音特征。从超过5,000个语断单位中提取88个声学特征，经主成分分析（PCA）降维后，采用线性混合效应模型（LMMs）进行分析。跨语言结果显示：自闭症儿童整体强度变异性更高，语音质量更清晰（更高的谐波噪声比HNR与alpha比），但时间强度动态减少，中心基频（f0）降低。单语言分析显示：斯洛伐克语结果在基频上与跨语言模式一致，但在语音质量上存在差异；芬兰语结果则与总体语音质量发现相符。研究强调应在自闭症研究中纳入语音质量与强度动态，而不仅是传统音高测量。结果挑战了缺陷型模型，表明自闭症具有跨语言的复杂、独特的韵律特征。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Prosodic differences in autism are well-documented, but cross-linguistic evidence remains limited. This study investigates prosody in autism across a multilingual corpus of Finnish, French, and Slovak speakers. 88 acoustic features from over 5,000 inter-pausal units were extracted, and data were reduced via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and analyzed using Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMMs). Cross-linguistically, autistic speakers exhibited increased general intensity variability and a clearer, less breathy voice quality (higher Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio and alpha ratio), alongside reduced temporal intensity dynamics and lower central f0. Monolingual analyses revealed language-specific nuances: Slovak results aligned with cross-linguistic f0 patterns but diverged on voice quality, while Finnish results mirrored the broader voice quality findings. These results emphasize including voice quality and intensity dynamics in the study of possible language-independent markers of autism, alongside traditional pitch measures. The findings challenge deficiency-based models, suggesting instead a complex, acoustically distinct prosodic profile across languages.
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