arXiv:2603.06749cs.ROcs.AI2026-03综述被引 1

评估324个机器人基础模型在工业场景的适用性,发现多数模型仍不成熟。

Robotic Foundation Models for Industrial Control: A Comprehensive Survey and Readiness Assessment Framework

  • 构建149项指标框架,涵盖模型能力与系统生态要求
  • 仅少数模型满足部分工业需求,整体覆盖不均衡
  • 强调安全、实时性与可部署性对工业落地的关键作用

机器人基础模型(RFMs)正成为灵活、指令和示范驱动机器人控制的有前景方向,但其工业适用性的深入研究仍不足。本综述全面梳理了RFM领域现状,基于具体应用场景,分析了协作机器人平台、异构传感与执行、边缘计算约束及安全关键操作等因素如何影响RFM需求。我们提炼出11个相互关联的工业部署启示,并将其转化为包含149项具体标准的评估框架。通过保守的LLM辅助评估流程,对324个具备操作能力的RFM进行了48,276次准则级判断,结果经专家验证。结果显示,工业成熟度有限且分布不均:即使最高评分模型也仅满足少量标准,普遍表现为特定启示下的局部优势而非整体覆盖。结论指出,迈向工业级RFM的关键不在于孤立的基准突破,而在于将安全、实时可行性、鲁棒感知、交互能力与低成本系统集成系统化地纳入可审计的部署栈中。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robotic foundation models (RFMs) are emerging as a promising route towards flexible, instruction- and demonstration-driven robot control, however, a critical investigation of their industrial applicability is still lacking. This survey gives an extensive overview over the RFM-landscape and analyses, driven by concrete implications, how industrial domains and use cases shape the requirements of RFMs, with particular focus on collaborative robot platforms, heterogeneous sensing and actuation, edge-computing constraints, and safety-critical operation. We synthesise industrial deployment perspectives into eleven interdependent implications and operationalise them into an assessment framework comprising a catalogue of 149 concrete criteria, spanning both model capabilities and ecosystem requirements. Using this framework, we evaluate 324 manipulation-capable RFMs via 48,276 criterion-level decisions obtained via a conservative LLM-assisted evaluation pipeline, validated against expert judgements. The results indicate that industrial maturity is limited and uneven: even the highest-rated models satisfy only a fraction of criteria and typically exhibit narrow implication-specific peaks rather than integrated coverage. We conclude that progress towards industry-grade RFMs depends less on isolated benchmark successes than on systematic incorporation of safety, real-time feasibility, robust perception, interaction, and cost-effective system integration into auditable deployment stacks.

机器人基础模型工业控制评估框架

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