arXiv:2603.07020cs.LGcs.AI2026-03被引 2

用精简状态和Transformer架构重做柔性作业车间调度,效果更优且泛化更强。

RESCHED: Rethinking Flexible Job Shop Scheduling from a Transformer-based Architecture with Simplified States

  • 仅用4个核心特征重构状态空间,消除历史依赖
  • 在多个调度问题上超越传统规则与主流DRL方法
  • 轻量改造Transformer,适合工业调度场景

基于深度强化学习(DRL)的神经方法在柔性作业车间调度问题(FJSP)中受到广泛关注。然而,现有方法依赖复杂的特征工程(通常需20个以上手工特征)和图结构偏倚的神经网络。为降低建模复杂度并构建更具泛化性的框架,本文提出 extsc{ReSched},一种极简DRL框架,重新思考了调度建模与模型设计。首先,通过重构FJSP的马尔可夫决策过程(MDP),将状态空间压缩至4个关键特征,并通过子问题视角消除历史依赖。其次,采用带有点积注意力的Transformer块,并引入三种轻量但有效的架构改进以适配调度任务。大量实验表明, extsc{ReSched}在FJSP上优于经典派发规则与当前最优的DRL方法;同时,该方法在作业车间调度(JSSP)和柔性流水车间调度(FFSP)上也表现出良好泛化能力,性能可媲美专门为此类变体设计的神经基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Neural approaches to the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP), particularly those based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), have gained growing attention in recent years. However, existing methods rely on complex feature-engineered state representations (i.e., often requiring more than 20 handcrafted features) and graph-biased neural architectures. To reduce modeling complexity and advance a more generalizable framework for FJSP, we introduce \textsc{ReSched}, a minimalist DRL framework that rethinks both the scheduling formulation and model design. First, by revisiting the Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation of FJSP, we condense the state space to just four essential features, eliminating historical dependencies through a subproblem-based perspective. Second, we employ Transformer blocks with dot-product attention, augmented by three lightweight but effective architectural modifications tailored to scheduling tasks. Extensive experiments show that \textsc{ReSched} outperforms classical dispatching rules and state-of-the-art DRL methods on FJSP. Moreover, \textsc{ReSched} also generalizes well to the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) and the Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (FFSP), achieving competitive performance against neural baselines specifically designed for these variants.

调度优化Transformer强化学习工业智能

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