用自监督异常检测实现复杂地形可通行性估计,无需人工标注负样本。
GSAT: Geometric Traversability Estimation using Self-supervised Learning with Anomaly Detection for Diverse Terrains
- 在隐空间构建正样本超球体,通过异常检测判断可通行区域。
- 联合学习异常分类与通行性预测,提升机器人经验利用效率。
- 适用于多种真实机器人平台,避免依赖负样本标注。
安全的自主导航需要可靠的环境可通行性估计。传统方法依赖语义或几何特征并设定人工阈值,但因人为判断主观性强,常导致预测不可靠。尽管自监督方法使机器人能从自身经验中学习,仍面临仅正样本学习的难题。现有研究采用正-未标记(PU)学习,核心挑战在于无明确负样本时识别正样本。本文提出GSAT,通过在隐空间构建正样本超球体,利用异常检测实现可通行区域分类,无需额外原型(如未标记或负样本)。同时,联合学习异常分类与可通行性预测,更高效地利用机器人经验。我们通过消融实验、异构真实机器人平台验证及仿真环境自主导航演示,全面评估该框架性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Safe autonomous navigation requires reliable estimation of environmental traversability. Traditional methods have relied on semantic or geometry-based approaches with human-defined thresholds, but these methods often yield unreliable predictions due to the inherent subjectivity of human supervision. While self-supervised approaches enable robots to learn from their own experience, they still face a fundamental challenge: the positive-only learning problem. To address these limitations, recent studies have employed Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning, where the core challenge is identifying positive samples without explicit negative supervision. In this work, we propose GSAT, which addresses these limitations by constructing a positive hypersphere in latent space to classify traversable regions through anomaly detection without requiring additional prototypes (e.g., unlabeled or negative). Furthermore, our approach employs joint learning of anomaly classification and traversability prediction to more efficiently utilize robot experience. We comprehensively evaluate the proposed framework through ablation studies, validation on heterogeneous real-world robotic platforms, and autonomous navigation demonstrations in simulation environments.
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