解决古汉字识别中持续新增字符的难题,支持无须重训练的增量识别。
AMR-CCR: Anchored Modular Retrieval for Continual Chinese Character Recognition
- 用可扩展词典匹配实现新字符快速加入,无需重新训练模型。
- 在六阶段数据集上达到91.3%的准确率,零样本识别性能提升显著。
- 适合文化遗产数字化、古籍自动识别等长期增量场景使用。
古代汉字识别是文化遗产数字化的核心能力,但实际流程具有持续性:不断有新出土材料加入,带来不同书写体的新字符,使类别空间随时间扩展。我们将其形式化为持续汉字识别(Continual CCR),一种分阶段、类增量的任务,同时面临两大挑战:(i) 在类别持续增长、类间差异细微且增量数据稀少的情况下实现可扩展学习;(ii) 由于书写风格差异和载体条件变化导致的强烈类内多样性。为克服传统闭集分类的局限,提出AMR-CCR——一种基于锚点的模块化检索框架,通过共享多模态空间中的嵌入字典匹配实现识别,新类别仅需扩展字典即可加入。AMR-CCR引入轻量级脚本条件注入模块(SIA+SAR),校准新脚本并保持跨阶段嵌入一致性,并采用图像生成的多原型字典,对类内嵌入聚类以覆盖多样风格模式。为支持系统评估,构建EvoCON,一个六阶段基准,涵盖六种脚本(OBC, BI, SS, SAC, WSC, CS),并附带语义/形体描述及明确的零样本测试集,用于评估无图像示例的新字符识别能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ancient Chinese character recognition is a core capability for cultural heritage digitization, yet real-world workflows are inherently non-stationary: newly excavated materials are continuously onboarded, bringing new classes in different scripts, and expanding the class space over time. We formalize this process as Continual Chinese Character Recognition (Continual CCR), a script-staged, class-incremental setting that couples two challenges: (i) scalable learning under continual class growth with subtle inter-class differences and scarce incremental data, and (ii) pronounced intra-class diversity caused by writing-style variations across writers and carrier conditions. To overcome the limitations of conventional closed-set classification, we propose AMR-CCR, an anchored modular retrieval framework that performs recognition via embedding-based dictionary matching in a shared multimodal space, allowing new classes to be added by simply extending the dictionary. AMR-CCR further introduces a lightweight script-conditioned injection module (SIA+SAR) to calibrate newly onboarded scripts while preserving cross-stage embedding compatibility, and an image-derived multi-prototype dictionary that clusters within-class embeddings to better cover diverse style modes. To support systematic evaluation, we build EvoCON, a six-stage benchmark for continual script onboarding, covering six scripts (OBC, BI, SS, SAC, WSC, CS), augmented with meaning/shape descriptions and an explicit zero-shot split for unseen characters without image exemplars.
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