arXiv:2603.07826cs.RO2026-03被引 1

融合物理模型与学习方法,提升无人机在风中和近墙环境下的操作稳定性。

Physics-infused Learning for Aerial Manipulator in Winds and Near-Wall Environments

  • 用叶片元素模型计算风扰动下的旋翼受力,提供前馈补偿
  • 学习模块补全未建模的残差力,实现高精度力估计
  • 在线自适应调整策略,适合复杂动态环境下的无人机操控

空中操作(AM)使无人机从被动观测拓展至高空及难以到达区域的接触式作业。尽管近期进展显著,多数系统仍基于理想化环境设计,忽视真实世界中的关键气动效应。简化推力模型难以捕捉非线性风扰动与近结构引起的流场变化,而高保真计算流体动力学(CFD)方法又不适用于实时控制。基于学习的方法虽推理高效,但泛化能力有限。本文结合两者优势,将基于物理的叶片元素模型与学习型残差力估计器融合,并引入转速分配策略进行扰动补偿,构建统一控制框架。叶片元素模型在风场中计算各旋翼气动力,提供精细前馈扰动估计;学习模块预测模型未覆盖的残差力,实现未建模气动效应的补偿。在线自适应机制联合更新残差力预测与转速分配,降低期望与实际推力的偏差。在模拟的近墙风环境下的自由飞行与壁面接触跟踪任务中验证,相比传统方法,本框架显著提升了扰动估计精度与轨迹跟踪性能,可在复杂气动条件下实现鲁棒的壁面接触操作。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Aerial manipulation (AM) expands UAV capabilities beyond passive observation to contact-based operations at high altitudes and in otherwise inaccessible environments. Although recent advances show promise, most AM systems are developed in controlled settings that overlook key aerodynamic effects. Simplified thrust models are often insufficient to capture the nonlinear wind disturbances and proximity-induced flow variations present in real-world environments near infrastructure, while high-fidelity CFD methods remain impractical for real-time use. Learning-based models are computationally efficient at inference, but often struggle to generalize to unseen condition. This paper combines both approaches by integrating a physics-based blade-element model with a learning-based residual force estimator, along with a rotor-speed allocation strategy for disturbance compensation, resulting in a unified control framework. The blade-element model computes per-rotor aerodynamic forces under wind and provides a refined feedforward disturbance estimate. A learning-based estimator then predicts the residual forces not captured by the model, enabling compensation for unmodeled aerodynamic effects. An online adaptation mechanism further updates the residual-force prediction and rotor-speed allocation jointly to reduce the mismatch between desired and realized thrust. We evaluate this framework in both free-flight and wall-contact tracking tasks in a simulated near-wall wind environment. Results demonstrate improved disturbance estimation and trajectory-tracking accuracy over conventional approaches, enabling robust wall-contact execution under challenging aerodynamic conditions.

无人机操控气动建模强化学习近墙作业

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