arXiv:2603.07892cs.RO2026-03被引 6

不用训练,智能选最优机器人策略,实测成功率提升超13%。

RoboRouter: Training-Free Policy Routing for Robotic Manipulation

  • 基于任务语义匹配历史经验,动态选择最佳现成策略。
  • 仿真中平均成功率提升3%以上,真实场景提升13%以上。
  • 无需训练新策略,轻松集成多种现成模型,适合快速部署。

机器人操作研究发展出多种策略范式,包括视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型、视觉-动作(VA)策略和基于代码的组合方法。具体策略在特定任务分布上表现优异,但泛化能力有限。我们不提出单一模型,而是通过智能策略路由,融合现有方法的优势。提出RoboRouter,一个无需训练的框架,维护异构策略池,并通过积累的执行经验学习为每项任务选择最优策略。面对新任务时,RoboRouter构建语义任务表示,检索相似任务的历史记录,预测最优策略选择,无需试错,并引入结构化反馈优化后续决策。集成新策略仅需轻量评估,无训练开销。在仿真基准和真实世界测试中,RoboRouter始终优于单一策略,在仿真中平均成功率提升超过3%,真实场景提升13%以上,同时保持执行效率。结果表明,对异构、现成策略进行智能路由,是构建更强大机器人系统的一条实用且可扩展路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Research on robotic manipulation has developed a diverse set of policy paradigms, including vision-language-action (VLA) models, vision-action (VA) policies, and code-based compositional approaches. Concrete policies typically attain high success rates on specific task distributions, but limited generalization beyond it. Rather than proposing another monolithic policy, we propose to leverage the complementary strengths of existing approaches through intelligent policy routing. We introduce RoboRouter, a training-free framework that maintains a pool of heterogeneous policies and learns to select the best-performing policy for each task through accumulated execution experience. Given a new task, RoboRouter constructs a semantic task representation, retrieves historical records of similar tasks, predicts the optimal policy choice without requiring trial-and-error, and incorporates structured feedback to refine subsequent routing decisions. Integrating a new policy into the system requires only a lightweight evaluation and does not incur training overhead. Across simulation benchmark and real-world evaluations, RoboRouter consistently outperforms individual policies, improving the average success rate by more than 3% in simulation and 13% in real-world settings, while preserving execution efficiency. Our results demonstrate that intelligent routing across heterogeneous, off-the-shelf policies provides a practical and scalable pathway toward building more capable robotic systems.

机器人策略路由零训练多模态

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