让多机器人在动态环境里探索更高效,避免拥堵和重复覆盖。
VORL-EXPLORE: A Hybrid Learning Planning Approach to Multi-Robot Exploration in Dynamic Environments
- 用执行保真度耦合任务分配与运动规划,提前预防冲突。
- 实验显示路径更短、重叠更低、碰撞规避能力强。
- 适合需要实时适应障碍物变化的多机协同场景。
层级式多机器人探索通常将前沿分配与局部导航分离,导致在密集动态环境中系统脆弱。由于分配器缺乏对执行难度的直接感知,机器人可能聚集在瓶颈处,引发振荡式重规划并产生冗余覆盖。我们提出VORL-EXPLORE,一种融合学习与规划的混合框架,通过执行保真度——一个共享的局部可导航性估计——将任务分配与运动执行耦合。该保真度信号被融入具有机器人间排斥力的保真度耦合维诺伊目标,以在冲突发生前降低竞争。它还驱动一种风险感知的自适应仲裁机制,在全局A*引导与反应式强化学习策略间权衡,兼顾远距离效率与狭窄空间中的安全交互。框架还支持在线自监督校准保真度模型,利用近期进展和安全结果生成伪标签,实现对非平稳障碍物的适应,无需人工调参风险。我们在专门的高流量消融实验中验证了该能力。在随机网格和Gazebo工厂场景中的大量实验表明,系统成功率高,路径长度更短,重叠率更低,且具备强鲁棒性碰撞规避能力。源代码将在接受后公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Hierarchical multi-robot exploration commonly decouples frontier allocation from local navigation, which can make the system brittle in dense and dynamic environments. Because the allocator lacks direct awareness of execution difficulty, robots may cluster at bottlenecks, trigger oscillatory replanning, and generate redundant coverage. We propose VORL-EXPLORE, a hybrid learning and planning framework that addresses this limitation through execution fidelity, a shared estimate of local navigability that couples task allocation with motion execution. This fidelity signal is incorporated into a fidelity-coupled Voronoi objective with inter-robot repulsion to reduce contention before it emerges. It also drives a risk-aware adaptive arbitration mechanism between global A* guidance and a reactive reinforcement learning policy, balancing long-range efficiency with safe interaction in confined spaces. The framework further supports online self-supervised recalibration of the fidelity model using pseudo-labels derived from recent progress and safety outcomes, enabling adaptation to non-stationary obstacles without manual risk tuning. We evaluate this capability separately in a dedicated severe-traffic ablation. Extensive experiments in randomized grids and a Gazebo factory scenario show high success rates, shorter path length, lower overlap, and robust collision avoidance. The source code will be made publicly available upon acceptance.
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