arXiv:2603.07979cs.CLcs.AI2026-03

人类智能本质是领域专家的集合,而非统一抽象能力。

Emergence is Overrated: AGI as an Archipelago of Experts

  • 用认知科学证据反驳智能需通用压缩的理论
  • 发现专家表现靠海量专有模式积累而非普适原理
  • 主张将AGI看作无统一框架的专家岛屿群

克雷考尔等人(2025)区分了涌现能力与涌现智能,认为真正智能需通过高效粗粒度表征实现多样问题求解,以类比和最小修改完成“更少资源做更多事”。本文检验该框架对人类智能的解释力。基于认知科学实证研究,发现人类专长主要依赖领域特定模式积累,非优雅压缩;专家灵活性来自庞大专有响应库,而非统一原则。创造性突破可能源于盲选与筛选的演化过程,而非系统性类比推理。这些结果支持将人工通用智能重新理解为“专家群岛”——彼此孤立、无共享表征的专用能力集合。若接受人类智能固有的脆弱性仍属真实智能,则承认由数百万专用模块构成的人工系统亦可具备通用智能,即便缺乏传统意义上的涌现智能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Krakauer, Krakauer, and Mitchell (2025) distinguish between emergent capabilities and emergent intelligence, arguing that true intelligence requires efficient coarse-grained representations enabling diverse problem-solving through analogy and minimal modification. They contend that intelligence means doing "more with less" through compression and generalization, contrasting this with "vast assemblages of diverse calculators" that merely accumulate specialized capabilities. This paper examines whether their framework accurately characterizes human intelligence and its implications for conceptualizing artificial general intelligence. Drawing on empirical evidence from cognitive science, I demonstrate that human expertise operates primarily through domain-specific pattern accumulation rather than elegant compression. Expert performance appears flexible not through unifying principles but through vast repertoires of specialized responses. Creative breakthroughs themselves may emerge through evolutionary processes of blind variation and selective retention rather than principled analogical reasoning. These findings suggest reconceptualizing AGI as an "archipelago of experts": isolated islands of specialized competence without unifying principles or shared representations. If we accept human expertise with its characteristic brittleness as genuine intelligence, then consistency demands recognizing that artificial systems comprising millions of specialized modules could constitute general intelligence despite lacking KKM's emergent intelligence.

AGI认知科学专家系统

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