arXiv:2603.08082cs.LG2026-03被引 5

小模型通过两步精炼机制也能逼近大模型,但自动回归版效果不显著。

Tiny Autoregressive Recursive Models

  • 设计渐进式转换实验,对比标准Transformer与递归精炼模型
  • 在字符级算法任务上,两步精炼基线表现强劲,但完整Autoregressive TRM无明显提升
  • 提示:两步精炼有潜力,但特定自动回归结构未必值得投入

Tiny Recursive Models(TRMs)近期在ARC-AGI任务中表现出色,表明极小模型可通过两步精炼机制(更新内部推理状态z和预测输出y)与大型基础模型竞争。这一机制对任何预测器都有吸引力,因此自然会思考其能否有效应用于自回归模型。然而,由于TRMs缺乏因果预测结构且存在持续隐状态,难以分离性能提升来源。本文提出自回归型TRM,并在小规模自回归任务上进行评估。为理解其有效性,构建一系列逐步将标准Transformer转化为小型自回归递归模型的基准模型,在固定块结构、词元流和下一个词元目标的控制环境下测试。在计算量匹配的字符级算法任务上,意外发现某些两步精炼基线表现优异;但与预期相反,完整自回归TRM架构未带来可靠性能提升。结果表明,两步精炼机制具有广泛前景,但不应盲目投入于自回归TRM特定模型的研究。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tiny Recursive Models (TRMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance on ARC-AGI, showing that very small models can compete against large foundation models through a two-step refinement mechanism that updates an internal reasoning state $z$ and the predicted output $y$. Naturally, such refinement is of interest for any predictor; it is therefore natural to wonder whether the TRM mechanism could be effectively re-adopted in autoregressive models. However, TRMs cannot be simply compared to standard models because they lack causal predictive structures and contain persistent latent states that make it difficult to isolate specific performance gains. In this paper, we propose the Autoregressive TRM and evaluate it on small autoregressive tasks. To understand its efficacy, we propose a suite of models that gradually transform a standard Transformer to a Tiny Autoregressive Recursive Model in a controlled setting that fixes the block design, token stream, and next-token objective. Across compute-matched experiments on character-level algorithmic tasks, we surprisingly find that there are some two-level refinement baselines that show strong performance. Contrary to expectations, we find no reliable performance gains from the full Autoregressive TRM architecture. These results offer potential promise for two-step refinement mechanisms more broadly but caution against investing in the autoregressive TRM-specific model as a fruitful research direction.

小模型递归机制自回归性能分析

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