提出可解释的混合深度学习模型，实现汽车软件故障的精准检测与定位。

Advancements in data-driven machine learning have emerged as a pivotal element in supporting automotive software systems (ASSs) engineering across various levels of the V-development process. Duringsystemverificationandvalidation,theintegrationofanintelligent fault detection anddiagnosis (FDD) model with test recordings analysis process serves as a powerful tool for efficiency ensuring functional safety. However, the lack of interpretability of the black-box FDD models developed not only hinders understanding of the cause underlying the prediction, but also prevents the model from being adapted based on the prediction result. This, in turn, increases the computational cost required for developingacomplexFDDmodelandlimitsconfidenceinreal-timesafety-criticalapplications.To address this challenge, a novel explainable method for fault detection, identification, and localization is proposed in this article with the aim of providing a clear understanding of the logic behind the prediction outcome. To this end, a hybrid 1dCNN-GRU-based intelligent model was developed to analyze the recordings from the real-time validation process of ASSs. The employment of explainable AI techniques, i.e., IGs, DeepLIFT, Gradient SHAP, and DeepLIFT SHAP, was instrumental in enabling model adaptation and facilitating the root cause analysis (RCA). The proposed approach is applied to the real time dataset collected during a virtual test drive performed by the user on hardware in the loop system.