用自适应SINDy模型实时识别风力干扰,提升无人机在强风中的轨迹控制精度。
Adaptive SINDy: Residual Force System Identification Based UAV Disturbance Rejection
- 结合SINDy与递归最小二乘法,实现风阻的在线动态建模与自适应补偿。
- 在4个方向风速达2m/s的复杂环境中,圆周轨迹RMSE低至12.2cm,花瓣形轨迹MAE仅10.5cm。
- 适用于轻量级无人机在强风下高精度轨迹跟踪,适合实际飞行系统部署。
湍流环境下无人机的稳定与控制至关重要。由于风动力学高度非线性,传统解析建模困难,而基于学习的方法又存在泛化性与可解释性不足的问题。本文提出一种新型数据驱动系统辨识方法:将稀疏非线性动力学辨识(SINDy)与递归最小二乘(RLS)自适应控制相结合,实现对风扰的动态建模与实时补偿。在Gazebo谐波环境及真实飞行中验证,风速最高达2 m/s且来自四个方向,构成高度动态湍流环境。实验表明,自适应SINDy在多项轨迹跟踪误差指标上优于基准PID与INDI控制器,未发生坠机。圆周轨迹的均方根误差(RMSE)达12.2 cm,花瓣形轨迹的平均绝对误差(MAE)为10.5 cm。验证平台为轻量级Crazyflie无人机,在复杂轨迹跟踪任务中表现优异。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The stability and control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a turbulent environment is a matter of great concern. Devising a robust control algorithm to reject disturbances is challenging due to the highly nonlinear nature of wind dynamics, and modeling the dynamics using analytical techniques is not straightforward. While traditional techniques using disturbance observers and classical adaptive control have shown some progress, they are mostly limited to relatively non-complex environments. On the other hand, learning based approaches are increasingly being used for modeling of residual forces and disturbance rejection; however, their generalization and interpretability is a factor of concern. To this end, we propose a novel integration of data-driven system identification using Sparse Identification of Non-Linear Dynamics (SINDy) with a Recursive Least Square (RLS) adaptive control to adapt and reject wind disturbances in a turbulent environment. We tested and validated our approach on Gazebo harmonic environment and on real flights with wind speeds of up to 2 m/s from four directions, creating a highly dynamic and turbulent environment. Adaptive SINDy outperformed the baseline PID and INDI controllers on several trajectory tracking error metrics without crashing. A root mean square error (RMSE) of up to 12.2 cm and 17.6 cm, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 13.7 cm and 10.5 cm were achieved on circular and lemniscate trajectories, respectively. The validation was performed on a very lightweight Crazyflie drone under a highly dynamic environment for complex trajectory tracking.
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