arXiv:2603.09161cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

用错误的代码生成结构,训练出能理解真实电路的模型。

Wrong Code, Right Structure: Learning Netlist Representations from Imperfect LLM-Generated RTL

  • 用不完美的LLM生成RTL代码,提取其合成后的结构特征作为训练数据。
  • 在多尺度基准上,模型性能超越高质量数据训练的基线,实现端到端应用。
  • 适合做集成电路分析、硬件逆向工程的研究者和工程师参考。

学习有效的网表表示受限于标注数据稀缺,因真实设计受知识产权保护且标注成本高。现有工作多聚焦小规模清洁标签电路,难以扩展至真实场景。大语言模型(LLM)可大规模生成寄存器传输级(RTL)代码,但其功能错误阻碍了电路分析应用。本文发现:即使LLM生成的RTL功能不正确,其综合后的网表仍保留强烈指示意图功能的结构模式。基于此,我们提出一种低成本的数据增强与训练框架,系统利用不完美生成的RTL作为训练数据,构建从自动代码生成到下游任务的端到端流程。我们在多尺度基准上评估电路功能理解任务,涵盖子电路边界识别与组件分类,任务范围从操作符级扩展至IP级。结果表明,使用噪声合成语料训练的模型在真实网表上泛化能力强,性能匹配甚至超越基于稀缺高质量数据训练的方法,有效突破电路表示学习中的数据瓶颈。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learning effective netlist representations is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of labeled datasets, as real designs are protected by Intellectual Property (IP) and costly to annotate. Existing work therefore focuses on small-scale circuits with clean labels, limiting scalability to realistic designs. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate Register-Transfer-Level (RTL) at scale, but their functional incorrectness has hindered their use in circuit analysis. In this work, we make a key observation: even when LLM-Generated RTL is functionally imperfect, the synthesized netlists still preserve structural patterns that are strongly indicative of the intended functionality. Building on this insight, we propose a cost-effective data augmentation and training framework that systematically exploits imperfect LLM-Generated RTL as training data for netlist representation learning, forming an end-to-end pipeline from automated code generation to downstream tasks. We conduct evaluations on circuit functional understanding tasks, including sub-circuit boundary identification and component classification, across benchmarks of increasing scales, extending the task scope from operator-level to IP-level. The evaluations demonstrate that models trained on our noisy synthetic corpus generalize well to real-world netlists, matching or even surpassing methods trained on scarce high-quality data and effectively breaking the data bottleneck in circuit representation learning.

电路分析LLM生成数据增强结构学习

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