用深度学习提升射电干涉成像,实现宽视场高动态范围重建。
POLISH'ing the Sky: Wide-Field and High-Dynamic Range Interferometric Image Reconstruction with Application to Strong Lens Discovery
- 分块训练拼接策略支持大视场成像
- arcsinh变换有效处理高低亮度差异
- 可发现接近衍射极限的引力透镜系统
射电干涉测量通过阵列天线合成大口径,解决去卷积问题以实现高分辨率天文图像。深度学习为成像问题提供了有前景的解决方案,降低计算成本并实现超分辨率。然而,现有基于深度学习的方法在真实场景部署中仍受限于高动态范围、大视场处理能力以及训练与测试条件不匹配等问题。本文在近期的POLISH框架基础上进行改进,引入关键增强:(1)分块训练与拼接策略,使模型可扩展至宽视场成像;(2)基于非线性arcsinh的强度变换,有效管理高动态范围。我们在包含真实天空模型和点扩散函数(PSF)的T-RECS模拟套件上进行了全面评估,结果表明该方法显著提升了重建质量与鲁棒性。在真实模拟强引力透镜数据上测试显示,即使爱因斯坦半径接近PSF尺度,经由本模型去卷积后仍可恢复透镜系统,相比图像平面CLEAN方法,有望使深综合阵列(DSA)巡天发现的星系-星系透镜数量提升10倍。结果凸显了深度学习模型作为下一代射电天文学实用、可扩展工具的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Radio interferometry enables high-resolution imaging of astronomical radio sources by synthesizing a large effective aperture from an array of antennas and solving a deconvolution problem to reconstruct the image. Deep learning has emerged as a promising solution to the imaging problem, reducing computational costs and enabling super-resolution. However, existing DL-based methods often fall short of the requirements for real-world deployment due to limitations in handling high dynamic range, large field of view, and mismatches between training and test conditions. In this work, we build upon and extend the POLISH framework, a recent DL model for radio interferometric imaging. We introduce key improvements to enable robust reconstruction and super-resolution under real-world conditions: (1) a patch-wise training and stitching strategy for scaling to wide-field imaging and (2) a nonlinear arcsinh-based intensity transformation to manage high dynamic range. We conduct comprehensive evaluations using the T-RECS simulation suite with realistic sky models and point spead functions (PSF), and demonstrate that our approach significantly improves reconstruction quality and robustness. We test the model on realistic simulated strong gravitational lenses and show that lens systems with Einstein radii near the PSF scale can be recovered after deconvolution with our POLISH model, potentially yielding 10$\times$ more galaxy-galaxy lensing systems from the Deep Synoptic Array (DSA) survey than with image-plane CLEAN. Our results highlight the potential of DL models as practical, scalable tools for next-generation radio astronomy.
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