arXiv:2603.09298cs.RO2026-03被引 5

用轻量LoRA专家隔离任务,实现机器人多任务学习的高效与稳定。

CORAL: Scalable Multi-Task Robot Learning via LoRA Experts

  • 为每项任务配置独立LoRA专家,冻结主干模型防止干扰。
  • 在真实机器人上达成90%以上任务成功率,优于联合训练。
  • 支持持续新增任务,无参数覆盖风险,适合长期运行场景。

将视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型部署于现实机器人时面临核心挑战:多任务学习中的任务干扰。当多个任务在单一阶段联合微调时,不同任务的梯度可能冲突,导致负向迁移并降低单任务性能。然而为每个任务维护独立完整检查点通常在存储和部署上不可行。为此,我们提出CORAL,一种骨干网络与机器人本体无关的框架,旨在缓解多任务干扰的同时自然扩展至持续的新任务流。CORAL冻结单个预训练VLA主干,为每项任务附加一个轻量级低秩适应(LoRA)专家;运行时,动态推理引擎(CORAL Manager)根据语言指令路由至相应专家,并实时切换专家,零推理开销。严格参数隔离避免了复杂门控网络,从构造上杜绝了参数层面的任务间干扰;此外还具备在不引起灾难性遗忘的情况下顺序引入新任务的能力。我们在真实世界Galaxea R1双臂移动操作机器人及三个仿真基准(LIBERO、WidowX、Google Robot)上验证了CORAL,其克服了细粒度指令歧义,显著优于联合训练,实现了适用于终身多任务机器人学习的实用且可扩展的系统。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deploying Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in real-world robotics exposes a core multi-task learning challenge: reconciling task interference in multi-task robotic learning. When multiple tasks are jointly fine-tuned in a single stage, gradients from different tasks can conflict, causing negative transfer and reducing per-task performance. Yet maintaining a separate full checkpoint per task is often storage- and deployment-prohibitive. To address this dilemma, we present CORAL, a backbone- and embodiment-agnostic framework designed primarily to mitigate multi-task interference while remaining naturally extensible to a continuous stream of new tasks. CORAL freezes a single pre-trained VLA backbone and attaches one lightweight Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) expert per task; at runtime, a dynamic inference engine (the CORAL Manager) routes language instructions to the appropriate expert and swaps experts on the fly with zero inference overhead. This strict parameter isolation avoids complex gating networks and prevents parameter-level cross-task interference by construction; as an added capability, it also enables sequentially introducing new tasks without parameter overwriting caused by catastrophic forgetting. We validate CORAL on a real-world Galaxea R1 dual-arm mobile manipulator and three simulation benchmarks (LIBERO, WidowX, Google Robot), where CORAL overcomes fine-grained instructional ambiguity and substantially outperforms joint training, yielding a practical and scalable system for lifelong multi-task robot learning. Website: https://frontierrobo.github.io/CORAL

机器人学习多任务LoRA持续学习

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