arXiv:2603.09940cs.LG2026-03

构建多模态心电与脉搏波基准,评估生物信号大模型性能。

SignalMC-MED: A Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Biosignal Foundation Models on Single-Lead ECG and PPG

  • 基于同步单导联ECG和PPG数据设计多任务评估框架。
  • 多模态融合显著优于单一模态,10分钟完整信号更优。
  • 适合临床预测模型评估与部署的实用指导参考。

近期生物信号基础模型(FMs)在多种临床预测任务中表现优异,但对长时间多模态数据的系统性评估仍有限。我们提出SignalMC-MED,一个用于评估生物信号基础模型在同步单导联心电图(ECG)与光电容积脉搏波(PPG)数据上的基准。该数据集源自MC-MED,包含22,256次就诊记录,每条包含10分钟重叠的ECG与PPG信号,涵盖20个临床相关任务,包括人口统计学预测、急诊科处置、实验室值回归及既往ICD-10诊断检测。通过该基准,我们系统评估了代表性时序与生物信号基础模型在仅ECG、仅PPG及双模态融合设置下的表现。结果表明:领域专用生物信号模型始终优于通用时序模型;多模态融合相比单模态输入带来稳健提升;使用完整10分钟信号持续优于短片段;更大模型并不总是优于小模型。人工设计的ECG领域特征提供强基线,并与学习到的模型表征具有互补性。这些结果确立SignalMC-MED为标准化评估基准,并为生物信号模型的评估与部署提供实用指导。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent biosignal foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated promising performance across diverse clinical prediction tasks, yet systematic evaluation on long-duration multimodal data remains limited. We introduce SignalMC-MED, a benchmark for evaluating biosignal FMs on synchronized single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) data. Derived from the MC-MED dataset, SignalMC-MED comprises 22,256 visits with 10-minute overlapping ECG and PPG signals, and includes 20 clinically relevant tasks spanning prediction of demographics, emergency department disposition, laboratory value regression, and detection of prior ICD-10 diagnoses. Using this benchmark, we perform a systematic evaluation of representative time-series and biosignal FMs across ECG-only, PPG-only, and ECG + PPG settings. We find that domain-specific biosignal FMs consistently outperform general time-series models, and that multimodal ECG + PPG fusion yields robust improvements over unimodal inputs. Moreover, using the full 10-minute signal consistently outperforms shorter segments, and larger model variants do not reliably outperform smaller ones. Hand-crafted ECG domain features provide a strong baseline and offer complementary value when combined with learned FM representations. Together, these results establish SignalMC-MED as a standardized benchmark and provide practical guidance for evaluating and deploying biosignal FMs.

生物信号多模态医疗AIECG

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