用机器人超声实时更新静态CBCT,实现术中软组织变形动态追踪。
Robotic Ultrasound Makes CBCT Alive
- 以超声为动态代理,通过轻量网络学习组织形变特征。
- 实现实时端到端的CBCT切片更新,误差小于1.2mm。
- 适合需高精度术中导航的机器人辅助手术场景。
术中锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)提供可靠的3D解剖参考,但其静态特性无法持续监测呼吸、探头压力及手术操作引起的软组织形变,导致导航偏差。本文提出一种形变感知的CBCT更新框架,利用机器人超声作为动态代理,推断组织运动并实时更新静态CBCT切片。方法从校准初始化开始,采用基于线性组合相关性的刚性配准(LC2)进行初始对齐,建立多模态精确对应关系。为捕捉术中动态变化,提出超声相关UNet(USCorUNet),一个在光流引导监督下训练的轻量级网络,可学习形变感知的相关表示,实现从超声流中准确、实时地估计密集形变场。推断出的形变经空间正则化后传递至CBCT参考系,生成与形变一致的可视化结果,无需重复辐射暴露。通过形变估计和超声引导下的CBCT更新实验验证,结果表明该方法能实现实时端到端的CBCT切片更新,并产生符合物理规律的形变估计,支持在机器人超声辅助干预中动态优化静态CBCT导航。源代码公开于 https://github.com/anonymous-codebase/us-cbct-demo。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Intraoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) provides a reliable 3D anatomical context essential for interventional planning. However, its static nature fails to provide continuous monitoring of soft-tissue deformations induced by respiration, probe pressure, and surgical manipulation, leading to navigation discrepancies. We propose a deformation-aware CBCT updating framework that leverages robotic ultrasound as a dynamic proxy to infer tissue motion and update static CBCT slices in real time. Starting from calibration-initialized alignment with linear correlation of linear combination (LC2)-based rigid refinement, our method establishes accurate multimodal correspondence. To capture intraoperative dynamics, we introduce the ultrasound correlation UNet (USCorUNet), a lightweight network trained with optical flow-guided supervision to learn deformation-aware correlation representations, enabling accurate, real-time dense deformation field estimation from ultrasound streams. The inferred deformation is spatially regularized and transferred to the CBCT reference to produce deformation-consistent visualizations without repeated radiation exposure. We validate the proposed approach through deformation estimation and ultrasound-guided CBCT updating experiments. Results demonstrate real-time end-to-end CBCT slice updating and physically plausible deformation estimation, enabling dynamic refinement of static CBCT guidance during robotic ultrasound-assisted interventions. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/anonymous-codebase/us-cbct-demo.
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