让扩散模型生成轨迹时自带安全约束,避免碰撞。
PC-Diffuser: Path-Consistent Capsule CBF Safety Filtering for Diffusion-Based Trajectory Planner
- 在去噪过程中嵌入路径一致的安全屏障,实时保障行驶安全。
- 采用胶囊距离函数评估碰撞风险,减少过度保守决策。
- 适合需要高可靠性的自动驾驶规划场景,尤其复杂交通环境。
复杂交通中的自动驾驶需要超越人工规则的泛化规划器,推动了从专家示范中学习行为的数据驱动方法发展。基于扩散的轨迹规划器通过迭代去噪生成全时程规划,展现出出色的闭环性能,但其安全性难以验证,在罕见或分布外场景下可能灾难性失败。为此,我们提出PC-Diffuser,一种将可验证、路径一致的屏障函数结构直接嵌入扩散去噪循环的安全增强框架。核心思想是将安全内置于轨迹生成过程,而非事后补救:在轨迹推进中保持前向不变性,同时保留扩散模型原有的路径几何特征。具体而言,PC-Diffuser(i)使用胶囊距离屏障函数评估碰撞风险,更贴合车辆几何,降低过度保守;(ii)将去噪后的航点转换为满足运动学自行车模型的可行运动;(iii)应用路径一致的安全过滤器,消除残余约束违反而不引起几何畸变,使修正后的轨迹仍贴近学习到的分布。通过在每一步去噪中注入这些安全一致的修正,并将优化轨迹反馈至扩散过程,实现迭代、上下文感知的安全防护,而非事后修复。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous driving in complex traffic requires planners that generalize beyond hand-crafted rules, motivating data-driven approaches that learn behavior from expert demonstrations. Diffusion-based trajectory planners have recently shown strong closed-loop performance by iteratively denoising a full-horizon plan, but they remain difficult to certify and can fail catastrophically in rare or out-of-distribution scenarios. To address this challenge, we present PC-Diffuser, a safety augmentation framework that embeds a certifiable, path-consistent barrier-function structure directly into the denoising loop of diffusion planning. The key idea is to make safety an intrinsic part of trajectory generation rather than a post-hoc fix: we enforce forward invariance along the rollout while preserving the diffusion model's intended path geometry. Specifically, PC-Diffuser (i) evaluates collision risk using a capsule-distance barrier function that better reflects vehicle geometry and reduces unnecessary conservativeness, (ii) converts denoised waypoints into dynamically feasible motion under a kinematic bicycle model, and (iii) applies a path-consistent safety filter that eliminates residual constraint violations without geometric distortion, so the corrected plan remains close to the learned distribution. By injecting these safety-consistent corrections at every denoising step and feeding the refined trajectory back into the diffusion process, PC-Diffuser enables iterative, context-aware safeguarding instead of post-hoc repair...
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