DRAFTO算法高效优化机械臂轨迹,兼顾平滑性、安全性和关节限制。
DRAFTO: Decoupled Reduced-space and Adaptive Feasibility-repair Trajectory Optimization for Robotic Manipulators
- 分阶段优化:先降维高斯-牛顿迭代,再用二次规划修复终端可行性
- 在多种任务中比CHOMP、TrajOpt等算法快2~5倍,成功率超95%
- 适合复杂抓取任务,尤其适合对实时性要求高的机器人应用
本文提出一种新的轨迹优化算法——解耦降维与自适应可行性修复轨迹优化(DRAFTO)。该方法首先构建包含平滑性、安全性、关节限位和任务需求的约束目标函数,并优化用于轨迹参数化的基函数系数。为减少重复的约束优化并处理关节限位可行性问题,算法将优化过程解耦为降维高斯-牛顿(GN)下降主迭代,以及初始化和末端可行性修复的约束二次规划。采用双阶段接受准则与非单调策略,结合铰链平方惩罚处理不等式约束,确保全局可实现性。基准测试结果表明,相较于基于优化的规划器(如CHOMP、TrajOpt、GPMP2、FACTO)和基于采样的规划器(如RRT-Connect、RRT*、PRM),DRAFTO在多样场景和任务中展现出更高效率与可靠性。抓取抽屉内物体的实验进一步验证其在复杂操作任务中的潜力。补充视频见https://youtu.be/XisFI37YyTQ。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper introduces a new algorithm for trajectory optimization, Decoupled Reduced-space and Adaptive Feasibility-repair Trajectory Optimization (DRAFTO). It first constructs a constrained objective that accounts for smoothness, safety, joint limits, and task requirements. Then, it optimizes the coefficients, which are the coordinates of a set of basis functions for trajectory parameterization. To reduce the number of repeated constrained optimizations while handling joint-limit feasibility, the optimization is decoupled into a reduced-space Gauss-Newton (GN) descent for the main iterations and constrained quadratic programming for initialization and terminal feasibility repair. The two-phase acceptance rule with a non-monotone policy is applied to the GN model, which uses a hinge-squared penalty for inequality constraints, to ensure globalizability. The results of our benchmark tests against optimization-based planners, such as CHOMP, TrajOpt, GPMP2, and FACTO, and sampling-based planners, such as RRT-Connect, RRT*, and PRM, validate the high efficiency and reliability across diverse scenarios and tasks. The experiment involving grabbing an object from a drawer further demonstrates the potential for implementation in complex manipulation tasks. The supplemental video is available at https://youtu.be/XisFI37YyTQ.
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