arXiv:2603.11370cs.LG2026-03

同时优化初始信息采集与随时间动态选测,降低医疗成本且提升预测准确率。

Relaxed Efficient Acquisition of Context and Temporal Features

  • 用可微分的松弛方法联合优化初始信息和随时间采集策略
  • 在真实医疗数据上以更低采样成本实现更好预测性能
  • 适合需控制成本的临床长期监测场景

在诸多生物医学应用中,检测、影像或评估在推理时并非免费可用:每项检查都涉及财务成本、时间负担或患者风险。纵向主动特征采集(LAFA)旨在通过随时间自适应选择测量项目,在成本约束下优化预测性能,但该问题本质上极具挑战性,因决策具有时间耦合性(早期遗漏无法补回,且采集选择影响所有后续预测)。此外,真实临床流程通常从初始接入阶段开始,期间相对稳定的上下文描述符(如人口统计学或基线特征)一次性收集,并持续用于指导纵向决策。尽管其实际意义重大,但现有研究尚未将初始上下文高效选择与时间自适应采集联合建模。为此,我们提出REACT(Relaxed Efficient Acquisition of Context and Temporal features),一个端到端可微框架,同时优化(i)初始上下文描述符的选择,(ii)在成本约束下的纵向测量自适应采集计划。REACT采用Gumbel-Sigmoid松弛结合直通估计,实现对离散采集掩码的梯度优化,支持从预测损失和采集成本直接反向传播。在多个真实世界纵向健康与行为数据集上,相比现有纵向采集基线,REACT在更低的采集成本下实现了更优的预测性能,验证了在统一优化框架中联合建模初始接入与时间耦合采集的优越性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In many biomedical applications, measurements are not freely available at inference time: each laboratory test, imaging modality, or assessment incurs financial cost, time burden, or patient risk. Longitudinal active feature acquisition (LAFA) seeks to optimize predictive performance under such constraints by adaptively selecting measurements over time, yet the problem remains inherently challenging due to temporally coupled decisions (missed early measurements cannot be revisited, and acquisition choices influence all downstream predictions). Moreover, real-world clinical workflows typically begin with an initial onboarding phase, during which relatively stable contextual descriptors (e.g., demographics or baseline characteristics) are collected once and subsequently condition longitudinal decision-making. Despite its practical importance, the efficient selection of onboarding context has not been studied jointly with temporally adaptive acquisition. We therefore propose REACT (Relaxed Efficient Acquisition of Context and Temporal features), an end-to-end differentiable framework that simultaneously optimizes (i) selection of onboarding contextual descriptors and (ii) adaptive feature--time acquisition plans for longitudinal measurements under cost constraints. REACT employs a Gumbel--Sigmoid relaxation with straight-through estimation to enable gradient-based optimization over discrete acquisition masks, allowing direct backpropagation from prediction loss and acquisition cost. Across real-world longitudinal health and behavioral datasets, REACT achieves improved predictive performance at lower acquisition costs compared to existing longitudinal acquisition baselines, demonstrating the benefit of modeling onboarding and temporally coupled acquisition within a unified optimization framework.

医疗预测主动学习纵向数据优化框架

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