arXiv:2603.11965stat.MLcs.LG2026-03

通过局部谱嵌入揭示网络中的局部低维结构,提升可视化与重建精度。

Uncovering Locally Low-dimensional Structure in Networks by Locally Optimal Spectral Embedding

  • 基于加权谱分解,聚焦局部低维结构而非全局假设。
  • 实验表明,局部嵌入在真实与合成网络中均优于全局和子图基线。
  • 适合关注网络局部几何特性的研究人员,尤其适用于复杂网络可视化。

标准邻接谱嵌入(ASE)依赖全局低秩假设,常与现实网络的稀疏、传递性结构不兼容,导致局部几何特征被‘模糊’。为此,我们提出局部邻接谱嵌入(LASE),通过加权谱分解揭示局部低维结构。在潜在位置模型下,将潜在位置的核特征映射视为无穷维特征空间中的局部低维集。我们建立了有限样本界,量化了局部化带来的统计代价与截断误差降低之间的权衡。进一步证明,充分局部化会诱导快速谱衰减并产生显著谱间隙,为局部低维嵌入提供理论支持。在合成与真实网络上的实验显示,LASE在局部重构与可视化上优于全局和子图基线,并引入UMAP-LASE将重叠局部嵌入整合为高保真全局可视化。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Standard Adjacency Spectral Embedding (ASE) relies on a global low-rank assumption often incompatible with the sparse, transitive structure of real-world networks, causing local geometric features to be 'smeared'. To address this, we introduce Local Adjacency Spectral Embedding (LASE), which uncovers locally low-dimensional structure via weighted spectral decomposition. Under a latent position model with a kernel feature map, we treat the image of latent positions as a locally low-dimensional set in infinite-dimensional feature space. We establish finite-sample bounds quantifying the trade-off between the statistical cost of localisation and the reduced truncation error achieved by targeting a locally low-dimensional region of the embedding. Furthermore, we prove that sufficient localisation induces rapid spectral decay and the emergence of a distinct spectral gap, theoretically justifying low-dimensional local embeddings. Experiments on synthetic and real networks show that LASE improves local reconstruction and visualisation over global and subgraph baselines, and we introduce UMAP-LASE for assembling overlapping local embeddings into high-fidelity global visualisations.

网络嵌入谱方法局部结构可视化

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