arXiv:2603.12577cs.CLcs.CV2026-03

让大模型按任务复杂度自动选择不同层级的专家,提升效率与精度。

Expert Pyramid Tuning: Efficient Parameter Fine-Tuning for Expertise-Driven Task Allocation

  • 构建多尺度专家金字塔,分两阶段适应任务:共享低维知识 + 多级特征重建。
  • 在多个多任务基准上超越当前最优方法,且训练参数更少。
  • 适合需要高效适配多种复杂任务的场景,如智能客服、多语言处理。

参数高效微调(PEFT)因其极高的参数效率,已成为部署大语言模型于多任务场景的主流范式。尽管基于混合专家(MoE)的LoRA变体通过动态路由将输入分发至不同低秩专家,取得了良好效果,但它们普遍忽视了任务复杂性的层次结构。现有方法通常采用统一架构的专家,难以捕捉不同任务所需的多样化特征粒度——部分任务需要高层次语义抽象,而另一些则要求细粒度句法操作。为弥合这一差距,我们提出专家金字塔微调(EPT),首次将计算机视觉中的多尺度特征金字塔思想引入PEFT领域。与标准LoRA不同,EPT将任务适配分为两个阶段:(1) 共享的元知识子空间,编码低维通用语言模式;(2) 金字塔投影机制,利用可学习的上投影算子在不同尺度重建高维特征。一个任务感知路由器动态选择最优的多尺度特征组合。在多个多任务基准上的广泛实验表明,EPT显著优于当前最先进的MoE-LoRA变体。关键在于,得益于设计的重参数化能力,EPT在实现性能提升的同时,还减少了训练参数数量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become a dominant paradigm for deploying LLMs in multi-task scenarios due to its extreme parameter efficiency. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based LoRA variants have achieved promising results by dynamically routing tokens to different low-rank experts, they largely overlook the hierarchical nature of task complexity. Existing methods typically employ experts with uniform architectures, limiting their ability to capture diverse feature granularities required by distinct tasks--where some tasks demand high-level semantic abstraction while others require fine-grained syntactic manipulation. To bridge this gap, we propose Expert Pyramid Tuning (EPT), a novel architecture that integrates the multi-scale feature pyramid concept from computer vision into the realm of PEFT. Unlike standard LoRA, EPT decomposes task adaptation into two stages: (1) A shared meta-knowledge Subspace that encodes universal linguistic patterns in low dimensions; (2) A Pyramid Projection Mechanism that utilizes learnable up-projection operators to reconstruct high-dimensional features at varying scales. A task-aware router then dynamically selects the optimal combination of these multi-scale features. Extensive experiments across multiple multi-task benchmarks demonstrate that EPT significantly outperforms SOTA MoE-LoRA variants. Crucially, thanks to the re-parameterization capability of our design, EPT achieves this performance improvement while simultaneously reducing the number of training parameters.

参数高效专家模型多任务学习微调

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