arXiv:2603.12823cs.CLcs.CV2026-03被引 6

根据任务难度动态选择视觉语言模型,显著降低计算成本。

Adaptive Vision-Language Model Routing for Computer Use Agents

  • 按任务难易度自动分配不同大小的视觉语言模型
  • 成本降低78%且准确率仅下降2个百分点
  • 适合需要高效推理的智能助手系统

计算机使用代理(CUAs)通过视觉语言模型(VLM)解析截图并预测可执行的操作。然而不同VLM的定位精度差异大,现有系统对所有操作使用单一固定模型。本文提出自适应VLM路由(AVR),在代理协调器与多个VLM之间加入轻量级语义路由层。针对每个操作,AVR从多模态嵌入中估计难度,用小型VLM探测置信度,并将任务路由至最便宜且满足目标可靠性阈值的模型。对于有历史交互记忆的“热”代理,检索上下文可缩小小模型与大模型的能力差距,使多数操作无需升级。我们将路由建模为成本-精度权衡问题,推导出基于阈值的模型选择策略,并在ScreenSpot-Pro数据集和OpenClaw基准上评估。结果表明,AVR可实现最高78%的推理成本节约,同时准确率仅比全大模型基线低2个百分点。结合视觉混淆代理人防护机制后,高风险操作可直接路由至最强模型,统一实现效率与安全。代码与数据已公开:https://github.com/vllm-project/semantic-router。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) translate natural-language instructions into Graphical User Interface (GUI) actions such as clicks, keystrokes, and scrolls by relying on a Vision-Language Model (VLM) to interpret screenshots and predict grounded tool calls. However, grounding accuracy varies dramatically across VLMs, while current CUA systems typically route every action to a single fixed model regardless of difficulty. We propose \textbf{Adaptive VLM Routing} (AVR), a framework that inserts a lightweight semantic routing layer between the CUA orchestrator and a pool of VLMs. For each tool call, AVR estimates action difficulty from multimodal embeddings, probes a small VLM to measure confidence, and routes the action to the cheapest model whose predicted accuracy satisfies a target reliability threshold. For \textit{warm} agents with memory of prior UI interactions, retrieved context further narrows the capability gap between small and large models, allowing many actions to be handled without escalation. We formalize routing as a cost--accuracy trade-off, derive a threshold-based policy for model selection, and evaluate AVR using ScreenSpot-Pro grounding data together with the OpenClaw agent routing benchmark. Across these settings, AVR projects inference cost reductions of up to 78\% while staying within 2 percentage points of an all-large-model baseline. When combined with the Visual Confused Deputy guardrail, AVR also escalates high-risk actions directly to the strongest available model, unifying efficiency and safety within a single routing framework. Materials are also provided Model, benchmark, and code: https://github.com/vllm-project/semantic-router.

视觉语言模型智能代理路由优化成本节约

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。