针对无人机导航,提出高效一致的激光惯性里程计方法。
Consistent and Efficient MSCKF-based LiDAR-Inertial Odometry with Inferred Cluster-to-Plane Constraints for UAVs
- 基于滑动窗口平面特征构建约束,减少状态依赖提升一致性
- 采用体素并行数据关联与紧凑点簇-平面模型,显著加速更新过程
- 适合资源受限嵌入式平台,内存占用低且实时运行
无人机在严苛的尺寸、重量和功耗(SWaP)约束下,需要鲁棒且精准的导航能力。然而,多数现有激光惯性里程计(LIO)系统在部署时仍面临估计不一致和计算瓶颈问题。本文提出一种面向无人机的紧耦合、高效且一致的LIO框架。在高效的多状态约束卡尔曼滤波(MSCKF)框架中,利用滑动窗口内观测到的平面特征构建共面约束,并通过零空间投影消除状态向量中对特征参数的直接依赖,从而缓解过度自信问题,提升一致性。更重要的是,为进一步提高效率,引入并行体素数据关联和新型紧凑点簇-平面测量模型,该模型无损降低观测维度,显著加速更新流程。大量实验表明,本方法在一致性和效率之间取得更优平衡,优于大多数现有SOTA方法,在退化场景中表现更鲁棒,凭借无地图特性实现最低内存占用,并可在资源受限嵌入式平台(如NVIDIA Jetson TX2)上实时运行。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robust and accurate navigation is critical for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) especially for those with stringent Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints. However, most state-of-the-art (SOTA) LiDAR-Inertial Odometry (LIO) systems still suffer from estimation inconsistency and computational bottlenecks when deployed on such platforms. To address these issues, this paper proposes a consistent and efficient tightly-coupled LIO framework tailored for UAVs. Within the efficient Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF) framework, we build coplanar constraints inferred from planar features observed across a sliding window. By applying null-space projection to sliding-window coplanar constraints, we eliminate the direct dependency on feature parameters in the state vector, thereby mitigating overconfidence and improving consistency. More importantly, to further boost the efficiency, we introduce a parallel voxel-based data association and a novel compact cluster-to-plane measurement model. This compact measurement model losslessly reduces observation dimensionality and significantly accelerating the update process. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that our method outperforms most state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches by providing a superior balance of consistency and efficiency. It exhibits improved robustness in degenerate scenarios, achieves the lowest memory usage via its map-free nature, and runs in real-time on resource-constrained embedded platforms (e.g., NVIDIA Jetson TX2).
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