arXiv:2603.13042cs.LGcs.AR2026-03中稿 · DAC2026被引 1

提出开放框架OpenACMv2,实现近似存算芯片的精度约束协同优化。

OpenACMv2: An Accuracy-Constrained Co-Optimization Framework for Approximate DCiM

  • 分两层优化:先架构搜索,再电路尺寸调整,提升能效
  • 在保持精度前提下,降低50%以上功耗延迟积(PDP)
  • 支持快速“假设分析”,适合芯片设计与低功耗研究者

数字存算芯片(DCiM)通过减少数据搬运加速神经网络。近似存算可进一步提升能效面积(PPA),但需在架构与晶体管级选择间进行精度约束的协同优化。基于OpenYield,我们提出精度约束协同优化(ACCO)方法,并推出开源框架OpenACMv2,通过两级优化实现:(1)基于快速GNN代理模型的压缩器组合与SRAM宏参数精度约束架构搜索,预测PPA与误差;(2)利用蒙特卡洛方法对标准单元和SRAM位元进行变异性与工艺电压温度(PVT)感知的晶体管尺寸优化。通过解耦架构探索与电路尺寸调整,该框架融合单目标与多目标优化器,实现强健的PPA-精度权衡与稳定收敛。流程兼容FreePDK45与OpenROAD,支持可复现评估与便捷采用。实验表明,两级优化中,第一层架构探索已实现大部分精度约束下的效率提升,带来约50%+的功耗延迟积(PDP)降低;第二层晶体管级优化进一步提升单个百分点的PDP改善,同时保证精度,支持近似存算芯片的快速“假设分析”。框架已在GitHub公开(https://github.com/ShenShan123/OpenACM)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Digital Compute-in-Memory (DCiM) accelerates neural networks by reducing data movement. Approximate DCiM can further improve power-performance-area (PPA), but demands accuracy-constrained co-optimization across coupled architecture and transistor-level choices. Building on OpenYield, we introduce Accuracy-Constrained Co-Optimization (ACCO) and present OpenACMv2, an open framework that operationalizes ACCO via two-level optimization: (1) accuracy-constrained architecture search of compressor combinations and SRAM macro parameters, driven by a fast GNN-based surrogate for PPA and error; and (2) variation- and PVT-aware transistor sizing for standard cells and SRAM bitcells using Monte Carlo. By decoupling ACCO into architecture-level exploration and circuit-level sizing, OpenACMv2 integrates classic single- and multi-objective optimizers to deliver strong PPA-accuracy tradeoffs and robust convergence. The workflow is compatible with FreePDK45 and OpenROAD, supporting reproducible evaluation and easy adoption. Experiments show that the proposed two-level ACCO framework achieves most of its accuracy-constrained efficiency gain at Level-1 through architecture exploration, delivering roughly 50%+ PDP reduction, while Level-2 transistor-level optimization provides a further single-digit PDP improvement while preserving accuracy, enabling rapid "what-if" exploration for approximate DCiM. The framework is available on GitHub (https://github.com/ShenShan123/OpenACM).

存算一体近似计算芯片优化开源框架

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