arXiv:2603.13379cs.LGcs.SD2026-03中稿 · presentation at th…

实时对话中精准识别说话人并预测停顿,让机器响应更自然。

A Hierarchical End-of-Turn Model with Primary Speaker Segmentation for Real-Time Conversational AI

  • 分层模型结合主说话人追踪与逐帧停顿检测,提升多说话人场景下的判断准确率。
  • 在端到端测试中召回率达87.7%,延迟仅36毫秒,显著优于现有系统。
  • 参数量仅114万,适合部署在手机等边缘设备上,兼顾性能与效率。

我们提出一种面向语音对话系统的实时前端框架,通过结合主说话人分割与分层的端到端停顿(EOT)检测,实现双人对话中的自然换轮。为应对多说话人环境,系统持续追踪主用户,确保下游停顿判断不受背景对话干扰。追踪到的语音段被输入一个分层、因果的EOT模型,该模型独立分析主说话人与机器人各自的语音特征,以预测当前对话状态,并通过概率预测提前预判未来10/20/30毫秒的状态,且考虑对话伙伴的发言情况。任务特定的知识蒸馏将wav2vec 2.0(768维)压缩为32维的MFCC学生模型,实现高效部署。系统在多分类帧级F1达82%,回话确认任务F1为70.6%,二分类最终句与其他任务F1为69.3%。在端到端换轮检测基准上,召回率达87.7%,而延迟仅为36毫秒,远低于Smart Turn v3的800–1300毫秒。尽管参数量仅1.14百万,模型性能仍可媲美甚至超越基于Transformer的基线,显著降低延迟与内存占用,适用于边缘设备部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present a real-time front-end for voice-based conversational AI to enable natural turn-taking in two-speaker scenarios by combining primary speaker segmentation with hierarchical End-of-Turn (EOT) detection. To operate robustly in multi-speaker environments, the system continuously identifies and tracks the primary user, ensuring that downstream EOT decisions are not confounded by background conversations. The tracked activity segments are fed to a hierarchical, causal EOT model that predicts the immediate conversational state by independently analyzing per-speaker speech features from both the primary speaker and the bot. Simultaneously, the model anticipates near-future states ($t{+}10/20/30$\,ms) through probabilistic predictions that are aware of the conversation partner's speech. Task-specific knowledge distillation compresses wav2vec~2.0 representations (768\,D) into a compact MFCC-based student (32\,D) for efficient deployment. The system achieves 82\% multi-class frame-level F1 and 70.6\% F1 on Backchannel detection, with 69.3\% F1 on a binary Final vs.\ Others task. On an end-to-end turn-detection benchmark, our model reaches 87.7\% recall vs.\ 58.9\% for Smart Turn~v3 while keeping a median detection latency of 36\,ms versus 800--1300\,ms. Despite using only 1.14\,M parameters, the proposed model matches or exceeds transformer-based baselines while substantially reducing latency and memory footprint, making it suitable for edge deployment.

对话系统语音识别边缘计算实时处理

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