专为机器人设计的激光雷达图像压缩框架,保细节、超高压缩比。
D-Compress: Detail-Preserving LiDAR Range Image Compression for Real-Time Streaming on Resource-Constrained Robots
- 融合帧内帧间预测与自适应小波变换,精准压缩残差信息。
- 在100倍以上压缩比下仍保持高几何精度和下游任务性能。
- 适合资源受限机器人实时传输,支持动态带宽自适应控制。
高效的3D激光雷达点云压缩(LPCC)与流传输对边缘服务器辅助的机器人系统至关重要,可实现紧凑数据下的实时通信。目前广泛采用将激光雷达点云表示为距离图像,从而直接使用成熟的图像与视频压缩编解码器。然而,这些编解码器以人类视觉感知为设计目标,常牺牲几何细节,导致建图与目标检测等下游任务性能下降。此外,针对动态带宽条件下的距离图像压缩(RIC),率失真优化(RDO)型速率控制仍鲜有研究。为此,本文提出D-Compress,一种面向实时流传输的细节保持型快速RIC框架。该框架结合帧内与帧间预测,并采用自适应离散小波变换进行精确残差压缩;同时引入基于RDO的速率控制算法,通过新的率失真建模实现。在多个数据集上的大量实验表明,D-Compress在几何精度与下游任务性能上均优于现有最先进方法,尤其在压缩比超过100倍时表现突出,且可在资源受限硬件上实现实时运行。动态带宽条件下的评估进一步验证了其速率控制机制的鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Efficient 3D LiDAR point cloud compression (LPCC) and streaming are critical for edge server-assisted robotic systems, enabling real-time communication with compact data representations. A widely adopted approach represents LiDAR point clouds as range images, enabling the direct use of mature image and video compression codecs. However, because these codecs are designed with human visual perception in mind, they often compromise geometric details, which downgrades the performance of downstream robotic tasks such as mapping and object detection. Furthermore, rate-distortion optimization (RDO)-based rate control remains largely underexplored for range image compression (RIC) under dynamic bandwidth conditions. To address these limitations, we propose D-Compress, a new detail-preserving and fast RIC framework tailored for real-time streaming. D-Compress integrates both intra- and inter-frame prediction with an adaptive discrete wavelet transform approach for precise residual compression. Additionally, we introduce a new RDO-based rate control algorithm for RIC through new rate-distortion modeling. Extensive evaluations on various datasets demonstrate the superiority of D-Compress, which outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) compression methods in both geometric accuracy and downstream task performance, particularly at compression ratios exceeding 100x, while maintaining real-time execution on resource-constrained hardware. Moreover, evaluations under dynamic bandwidth conditions validate the robustness of its rate control mechanism.
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