arXiv:2603.14316cs.CV2026-03

用概率高斯点实现单物体高效3D重建,节省九成计算资源。

Direct Object-Level Reconstruction via Probabilistic Gaussian Splatting

  • 将前景背景概率融入高斯点,动态剔除低概率点以聚焦目标物
  • 仅需传统方法1/10的高斯点数,仍保持相近重建质量
  • 适合需要高保真又省算力的文物数字化、工业建模等场景

物体级3D重建在文化遗产数字化、工业制造和虚拟现实等领域具有重要意义。然而,现有基于高斯溅射的方法通常依赖全场景重建,引入大量冗余背景信息,导致计算与存储开销增大。为此,本文提出一种基于2D高斯溅射的高效单物体3D重建方法。通过直接将前景-背景概率线索融入高斯原语,并在训练中动态剪枝低概率高斯点,该方法从根本上聚焦于目标物体,提升内存与计算效率。管道利用YOLO与SAM生成的概率掩码监督概率高斯属性,以连续概率值替代二值掩码,缓解边界模糊问题。此外,提出双阶段过滤策略以抑制训练初期的背景高斯点;训练中,渲染的概率掩码被反向用于优化监督,增强多视角边界一致性。在MIP-360、T&T和NVOS数据集上的实验表明,该方法对掩码误差具有强自修正能力,重建质量接近标准3DGS方法,但所需高斯点数量仅为后者的约1/10。结果验证了方法在单物体重建中的高效性与鲁棒性,凸显其在高保真与高效率兼具的应用中的潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Object-level 3D reconstruction play important roles across domains such as cultural heritage digitization, industrial manufacturing, and virtual reality. However, existing Gaussian Splatting-based approaches generally rely on full-scene reconstruction, in which substantial redundant background information is introduced, leading to increased computational and storage overhead. To address this limitation, we propose an efficient single-object 3D reconstruction method based on 2D Gaussian Splatting. By directly integrating foreground-background probability cues into Gaussian primitives and dynamically pruning low-probability Gaussians during training, the proposed method fundamentally focuses on an object of interest and improves the memory and computational efficiency. Our pipeline leverages probability masks generated by YOLO and SAM to supervise probabilistic Gaussian attributes, replacing binary masks with continuous probability values to mitigate boundary ambiguity. Additionally, we propose a dual-stage filtering strategy for training's startup to suppress background Gaussians. And, during training, rendered probability masks are conversely employed to refine supervision and enhance boundary consistency across views. Experiments conducted on the MIP-360, T&T, and NVOS datasets demonstrate that our method exhibits strong self-correction capability in the presence of mask errors and achieves reconstruction quality comparable to standard 3DGS approaches, while requiring only approximately 1/10 of their Gaussian amount. These results validate the efficiency and robustness of our method for single-object reconstruction and highlight its potential for applications requiring both high fidelity and computational efficiency.

3D重建高斯溅射单物体效率优化

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