arXiv:2603.14634cs.RO2026-03被引 1

让粒子模拟更真实,实现机器人级刚体物理精度

Physically Accurate Rigid-Body Dynamics in Particle-Based Simulation

  • 用动量守恒约束改进PBD算法,提升刚体动力学准确性
  • 在基准测试中表现接近MuJoCo,计算开销更低
  • 适合需要高物理保真的机器人仿真研究者

机器人应用需要能处理现实世界中多样化物理交互的仿真,包括刚体、可变形物体和流体。现有模拟器通过拼接不同材料类型的子求解器来应对,形成组合式架构,增加物理推理复杂度。粒子基模拟器提供替代方案,统一用粒子形式表示所有材料,实现跨材料交互无缝衔接。其中位置基动力学(PBD)因计算高效且视觉可信而流行,但缺乏物理准确性,限制其在机器人领域的应用。为兼顾粒子模拟的优势与机器人对物理保真度的要求,本文提出PBD-R,通过新颖的动量守恒约束和改进的速度更新机制,实现物理准确的刚体动力学。同时引入无需依赖求解器的基准测试,具备解析解以评估物理准确性。实验表明,PBD-R显著优于原始PBD,且与MuJoCo相比达到相近精度,同时计算成本更低。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robotics demands simulation that can reason about the diversity of real-world physical interactions, from rigid to deformable objects and fluids. Current simulators address this by stitching together multiple subsolvers for different material types, resulting in a compositional architecture that complicates physical reasoning. Particle-based simulators offer a compelling alternative, representing all materials through a single unified formulation that enables seamless cross-material interactions. Among particle-based simulators, position-based dynamics (PBD) is a popular solver known for its computational efficiency and visual plausibility. However, its lack of physical accuracy has limited its adoption in robotics. To leverage the benefits of particle-based solvers while meeting the physical fidelity demands of robotics, we introduce PBD-R, a revised PBD formulation that enforces physically accurate rigid-body dynamics through a novel momentum-conservation constraint and a modified velocity update. Additionally, we introduce a solver-agnostic benchmark with analytical solutions to evaluate physical accuracy. Using this benchmark, we show that PBD-R significantly outperforms PBD and achieves competitive accuracy with MuJoCo while requiring less computation.

物理仿真粒子系统刚体动力学机器人

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