提出新型神经算子,让微分方程求解更稳定、不变形。
Gauge-Equivariant Intrinsic Neural Operators for Geometry-Consistent Learning of Elliptic PDE Maps
- 用内在谱乘子和规范等变非线性建模椭圆型方程解算子
- 在六组实验中误差极低,对度量扰动和离散化变化鲁棒
- 适合需要几何一致性与跨分辨率泛化的科学计算场景
从数据中学习偏微分方程(PDE)解算子已成为多查询科学工作流中快速代理模型的有前景路径。然而,对于输入输出随局部坐标系变换(规范变换)而变化的几何型PDE,现有算子学习架构仍依赖表示形式,在度量扰动下易失效,且对离散化敏感。本文提出规范等变内在神经算子(GINO),通过几何依赖谱上的内在谱乘子主参数化椭圆型解映射,并结合规范等变非线性。该设计将几何与可学习函数依赖解耦,确保在坐标变换下的一致性。我们在平坦环面($/mathbb{T}^2$)上验证了GINO,其真值瑞斯解算子与正则化赫尔姆霍兹-霍奇分解具有闭式傅里叶表示,支持理论对齐诊断。在实验E1–E6中,GINO实现低算子近似误差、接近机器精度的规范等变性、对结构化度量扰动的鲁棒性、小交换误差下的强跨分辨率泛化能力,以及在正则化精确/共精确分解任务中的结构保持性能。消融实验进一步表明,所学谱乘子的光滑性与几何扰动下的稳定性相关。结果表明,强制内在结构与规范等变性可获得更几何一致、离散化鲁棒的椭圆型PDE算子代理模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) from data has emerged as a promising route to fast surrogate models in multi-query scientific workflows. However, for geometric PDEs whose inputs and outputs transform under changes of local frame (gauge), many existing operator-learning architectures remain representation-dependent, brittle under metric perturbations, and sensitive to discretization changes. We propose Gauge-Equivariant Intrinsic Neural Operators (GINO), a class of neural operators that parameterize elliptic solution maps primarily through intrinsic spectral multipliers acting on geometry-dependent spectra, coupled with gauge-equivariant nonlinearities. This design decouples geometry from learnable functional dependence and enforces consistency under frame transformations. We validate GINO on controlled problems on the flat torus ($\mathbb{T}^2$), where ground-truth resolvent operators and regularized Helmholtz--Hodge decompositions admit closed-form Fourier representations, enabling theory-aligned diagnostics. Across experiments E1--E6, GINO achieves low operator-approximation error, near machine-precision gauge equivariance, robustness to structured metric perturbations, strong cross-resolution generalization with small commutation error under restriction/prolongation, and structure-preserving performance on a regularized exact/coexact decomposition task. Ablations further link the smoothness of the learned spectral multiplier to stability under geometric perturbations. These results suggest that enforcing intrinsic structure and gauge equivariance yields operator surrogates that are more geometry-consistent and discretization-robust for elliptic PDEs on form-valued fields.
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