arXiv:2603.15263cs.CVcs.LG2026-03

解决小批量训练下表示坍塌问题,无需依赖批次统计。

IConE: Batch Independent Collapse Prevention for Self-Supervised Representation Learning

  • 用可学习的全局辅助嵌入替代批次统计,防止表示坍塌。
  • 在批量大小1到64时均优于对比与非对比基线方法。
  • 特别适合高维科学数据等小批量、类别不平衡场景。

自监督学习(SSL)革新了表征学习,联合嵌入架构(JEAs)成为捕捉语义特征的有效方法。现有JEAs依赖隐式或显式的批处理交互——通过负样本采样或统计正则化——来防止表示坍塌。这一依赖在批大小受限的场景中成问题,例如高维科学数据,因内存限制和类别不平衡导致大而均衡的批不可行。本文提出IConE(实例对比嵌入),一种将防坍塌机制从批处理解耦的框架。IConE不依赖批统计维持多样性,而是维护一个由显式多样性目标正则化的全局可学习辅助实例嵌入集。这将抗坍塌机制从瞬时批处理转移到数据级嵌入空间,使即使在批大小为1时也能稳定训练。在多种二维与三维生物医学模态上,IConE在小批量范围(从B=1到B=64)内持续超越强对比与非对比基线,并对严重类别不平衡表现出显著鲁棒性。几何分析显示,IConE在学习表征中保持高内在维度,避免了现有JEAs在批大小减小时出现的坍塌现象。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has revolutionized representation learning, with Joint-Embedding Architectures (JEAs) emerging as an effective approach for capturing semantic features. Existing JEAs rely on implicit or explicit batch interaction -- via negative sampling or statistical regularization -- to prevent representation collapse. This reliance becomes problematic in regimes where batch sizes must be small, such as high-dimensional scientific data, where memory constraints and class imbalance make large, well-balanced batches infeasible. We introduce IConE (Instance-Contrasted Embeddings), a framework that decouples collapse prevention from the training batch size. Rather than enforcing diversity through batch statistics, IConE maintains a global set of learnable auxiliary instance embeddings regularized by an explicit diversity objective. This transfers the anti-collapse mechanism from the transient batch to a dataset-level embedding space, allowing stable training even when batch statistics are unreliable, down to batch size 1. Across diverse 2D and 3D biomedical modalities, IConE outperforms strong contrastive and non-contrastive baselines throughout the small-batch regime (from B=1 to B=64) and demonstrates marked robustness to severe class imbalance. Geometric analysis shows that IConE preserves high intrinsic dimensionality in the learned representations, preventing the collapse observed in existing JEAs as batch sizes shrink.

自监督学习表示学习小批量训练

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