arXiv:2603.15939cs.LGcs.AI2026-03被引 1

在本地保护数据隐私的前提下,用大模型自动搜寻多模态时间序列分类的最佳模型结构。

Data-Local Autonomous LLM-Guided Neural Architecture Search for Multiclass Multimodal Time-Series Classification

  • 用大模型引导搜索,远程生成候选方案,本地完成训练与评估,全程不碰原始数据。
  • 在公开和临床数据集上均达到现有水平,睡眠分期任务准确率达92.3%。
  • 适合医疗等数据敏感领域,减少人工调参,实现无人值守的模型优化。

将机器学习应用于敏感的时间序列数据常受限于迭代流程:性能高度依赖预处理与模型结构,但训练往往需在本地执行且受严格的数据本地化约束。这在医疗等隐私敏感领域尤为突出(如医院使用患者脑电图数据开发深度学习模型)。该瓶颈在多模态融合中更为严重,因不同传感器模态需分别预处理再融合。现有的大模型引导神经架构搜索(NAS)通常假设云端执行或能访问无法外泄的数据衍生产物。本文提出一种全新的数据本地化、大模型引导的搜索框架,可在远程生成候选流程,而所有训练与评估均在本地按固定协议执行。控制器仅观察试验级摘要信息,如流程描述、指标、学习曲线统计和失败日志,从不接触原始样本或中间特征表示。本方法采用每类每模态一个一对多二分类专家,轻量级融合多层感知机,并联合搜索专家架构与模态特定预处理策略。我们在两个场景下评估:UEA30(公开多变量时间序列分类数据集)和SleepEDFx睡眠分期(包含脑电、眼电、肌电等异构临床模态)。结果表明,模块化基线模型表现强劲,大模型引导的NAS进一步提升性能。值得注意的是,该方法所发现的模型在多数基准数据集上性能接近已有发表结果。在两种设置下,该方法通过实现无人干预的架构搜索,显著减少人工介入,同时确保敏感数据始终保留在本地。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Applying machine learning to sensitive time-series data is often bottlenecked by the iteration loop: Performance depends strongly on preprocessing and architecture, yet training often has to run on-premise under strict data-local constraints. This is a common problem in healthcare and other privacy-constrained domains (e.g., a hospital developing deep learning models on patient EEG). This bottleneck is particularly challenging in multimodal fusion, where sensor modalities must be individually preprocessed and then combined. LLM-guided neural architecture search (NAS) can automate this exploration, but most existing workflows assume cloud execution or access to data-derived artifacts that cannot be exposed. We present a novel data-local, LLM-guided search framework that handles candidate pipelines remotely while executing all training and evaluation locally under a fixed protocol. The controller observes only trial-level summaries, such as pipeline descriptors, metrics, learning-curve statistics, and failure logs, without ever accessing raw samples or intermediate feature representations. Our framework targets multiclass, multimodal learning via one-vs-rest binary experts per class and modality, a lightweight fusion MLP, and joint search over expert architectures and modality-specific preprocessing. We evaluate our method on two regimes: UEA30 (public multivariate time-series classification dataset) and SleepEDFx sleep staging (heterogeneous clinical modalities such as EEG, EOG, and EMG). The results show that the modular baseline model is strong, and the LLM-guided NAS further improves it. Notably, our method finds models that perform within published ranges across most benchmark datasets. Across both settings, our method reduces manual intervention by enabling unattended architecture search while keeping sensitive data on-premise.

多模态时间序列隐私保护自动化

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