arXiv:2603.16103cs.CVcs.GR2026-03被引 1

无需训练,用局部合并压缩3D高斯点云,节省存储又保持画质。

NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplification

  • 基于局部邻域的成对合并,不依赖图像监督。
  • 将数百万个高斯点压缩至原体积10%以下,画质损失<0.5% PSNR。
  • 纯CPU运行,可直接接入现有渲染管线,适合部署优化。

3D高斯点云(3DGS)通过大量各向异性原语实现高保真、实时的新视角合成,但常需数百万个点,带来显著存储与传输开销。现有压缩方法多依赖GPU密集型后训练优化及校准图像,限制实际部署。本文提出无需训练且轻量化的纳米高斯点云简化框架(NanoGS)。不同于基于图像渲染的监督,NanoGS将简化问题建模为稀疏空间图上的局部成对合并。通过质量守恒的矩匹配,将一对高斯点近似为单个原语,并以原始混合分布与其近似间的合理合并代价评估合并质量。通过限制候选合并范围在局部邻域并高效筛选兼容对,NanoGS生成紧凑的高斯表示,同时保留场景结构与外观。该方法直接作用于现有3DGS模型,可在CPU上高效运行,保持标准3DGS参数化,支持与现有渲染流程无缝集成。实验表明,NanoGS大幅减少原语数量的同时维持高渲染保真度,为高斯点云简化提供高效实用的解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

3D Gaussian Splat (3DGS) enables high-fidelity, real-time novel view synthesis by representing scenes with large sets of anisotropic primitives, but often requires millions of Splats, incurring significant storage and transmission costs. Most existing compression methods rely on GPU-intensive post-training optimization with calibrated images, limiting practical deployment. We introduce \textbf{NanoGS}, a training-free and lightweight framework for Gaussian Splat simplification. Instead of relying on image-based rendering supervision, NanoGS formulates simplification as local pairwise merging over a sparse spatial graph. The method approximates a pair of Gaussians with a single primitive using mass preserved moment matching and evaluates merge quality through a principled merge cost between the original mixture and its approximation. By restricting merge candidates to local neighborhoods and selecting compatible pairs efficiently, NanoGS produces compact Gaussian representations while preserving scene structure and appearance. NanoGS operates directly on existing Gaussian Splat models, runs efficiently on CPU, and preserves the standard 3DGS parameterization, enabling seamless integration with existing rendering pipelines. Experiments demonstrate that NanoGS substantially reduces primitive count while maintaining high rendering fidelity, providing an efficient and practical solution for Gaussian Splat simplification. Our project website is available at \href{https://saliteta.github.io/NanoGS/}{https://saliteta.github.io/NanoGS/}.

3D生成高斯点云压缩优化

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