arXiv:2603.16157cs.LGcs.AI2026-03被引 2

用动态分布重放缓冲区提升强化学习多样性,防止过拟合失效

DyJR: Preserving Diversity in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards via Dynamic Jensen-Shannon Replay

  • 基于近期轨迹构建动态参考分布,按时间顺序淘汰旧数据
  • 通过杰森-申农散度约束避免策略过度集中,提升输出多样性
  • 适合需要稳定推理能力的复杂任务,如数学题与数据库查询生成

尽管强化学习提升了大语言模型的推理能力,但如GRPO等在线算法因丢弃历史轨迹而样本效率低。现有经验回放方法虽可复用准确样本,但计算开销大且易导致模式崩溃。本文认为历史数据应优先保持多样性而非仅强化准确性。为此提出动态杰森-申农重放缓冲(DyJR),包含两项创新:(1) 时间敏感动态缓冲区,采用先进先出和自适应大小,仅保留近期样本,与模型演进同步;(2) 杰森-申农散度正则化,以分布约束替代直接梯度更新,防止多样性崩溃。在数学推理与Text-to-SQL基准测试中,DyJR显著优于GRPO及RLEP、Ex-GRPO等基线,同时训练效率与原始GRPO相当。从秩-k标记概率演化视角分析,DyJR增强多样性,缓解对秩-1标记的过度依赖,揭示了各模块对训练动态的影响。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) enhances Large Language Model reasoning, on-policy algorithms like GRPO are sample-inefficient as they discard past rollouts. Existing experience replay methods address this by reusing accurate samples for direct policy updates, but this often incurs high computational costs and causes mode collapse via overfitting. We argue that historical data should prioritize sustaining diversity rather than simply reinforcing accuracy. To this end, we propose Dynamic Jensen-Shannon Replay (DyJR), a simple yet effective regularization framework using a dynamic reference distribution from recent trajectories. DyJR introduces two innovations: (1) A Time-Sensitive Dynamic Buffer that uses FIFO and adaptive sizing to retain only temporally proximal samples, synchronizing with model evolution; and (2) Jensen-Shannon Divergence Regularization, which replaces direct gradient updates with a distributional constraint to prevent diversity collapse. Experiments on mathematical reasoning and Text-to-SQL benchmarks demonstrate that DyJR significantly outperforms GRPO as well as baselines such as RLEP and Ex-GRPO, while maintaining training efficiency comparable to the original GRPO. Furthermore, from the perspective of Rank-$k$ token probability evolution, we show that DyJR enhances diversity and mitigates over-reliance on Rank-1 tokens, elucidating how specific sub-modules of DyJR influence the training dynamics.

强化学习多样性保持大模型推理经验回放

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