提出新型遥感目标检测骨干网络,兼顾细粒度与大范围特征捕捉。
PKINet-v2: Towards Powerful and Efficient Poly-Kernel Remote Sensing Object Detection
- 融合各向异性条状卷积与各向同性方形核,构建多尺度感受野。
- 在四个基准上实现领先精度,推理速度提升3.9倍。
- 支持高效部署,推理时合并异构分支无精度损失,适合实际应用。
遥感图像中的目标检测面临几何与空间复杂性的双重挑战:目标可能呈现多样长宽比,且在不同上下文中尺寸跨度大。现有遥感骨干网络分别处理这两类问题,或采用各向异性条状卷积建模细长目标,或使用各向同性大卷积核捕获广阔上下文。但这种分离处理导致互补缺陷:仅用条状卷积会破坏规则形状物体的空间连贯性并弱化微小细节,而各向同性大卷积核常引入严重背景噪声和细长结构的几何失配。本文扩展PKINet,提出统一范式下的强大高效骨干网络——多核启发生物网络v2(PKINet-v2)。该网络协同各向异性轴向条状卷积与各向同性方形核,构建多尺度感受野,在保留细粒度局部纹理的同时,逐步聚合跨尺度的长程上下文。为实现高效部署,进一步引入异构卷积重参数化(HKR)策略,将所有异构分支融合为单一深度可分离卷积进行推理,消除碎片化卷积调用且不损失精度。在四个常用基准(DOTA-v1.0、DOTA-v1.5、HRSC2016、DIOR-R)上的大量实验表明,PKINet-v2在保持最先进精度的同时,相比PKINet-v1实现3.9倍的帧率提升,全面超越以往遥感骨干网络在性能与效率上的表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) is challenged by the coexistence of geometric and spatial complexity: targets may appear with diverse aspect ratios, while spanning a wide range of object sizes under varied contexts. Existing RSI backbones address the two challenges separately, either by adopting anisotropic strip kernels to model slender targets or by using isotropic large kernels to capture broader context. However, such isolated treatments lead to complementary drawbacks: the strip-only design can disrupt spatial coherence for regular-shaped objects and weaken tiny details, whereas isotropic large kernels often introduce severe background noise and geometric mismatch for slender structures. In this paper, we extend PKINet, and present a powerful and efficient backbone that jointly handles both challenges within a unified paradigm named Poly Kernel Inception Network v2 (PKINet-v2). PKINet-v2 synergizes anisotropic axial-strip convolutions with isotropic square kernels and builds a multi-scope receptive field, preserving fine-grained local textures while progressively aggregating long-range context across scales. To enable efficient deployment, we further introduce a Heterogeneous Kernel Re-parameterization (HKR) Strategy that fuses all heterogeneous branches into a single depth-wise convolution for inference, eliminating fragmented kernel launches without accuracy loss. Extensive experiments on four widely-used benchmarks, including DOTA-v1.0, DOTA-v1.5, HRSC2016, and DIOR-R, demonstrate that PKINet-v2 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while delivering a $\textbf{3.9}\times$ FPS acceleration compared to PKINet-v1, surpassing previous remote sensing backbones in both effectiveness and efficiency.
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