让机器人在表达与省力间自动切换,只在需要时才做明显动作。
Encoding Predictability and Legibility for Style-Conditioned Diffusion Policy
- 用轻量编码器和判断模块控制扩散模型,按环境模糊程度决定动作风格。
- 在目标不明确时提升可读性,清晰度提高23%;在明确时保持高效路径。
- 无需重训练主模型,适合真实协作场景中对安全与效率的双重需求。
在人机协作中,如何平衡动作效率与可读性是核心挑战:高度表达的动作虽增强理解、提升安全与信任,但在目标明确的低模糊场景下会带来不必要的耗时与能耗。为此,我们提出风格条件扩散策略(SCDP),一种模块化框架,通过环境配置动态调节预训练扩散模型的轨迹生成,实现可读性或效率的优先选择。该方法采用冻结主策略的后训练流程,仅训练轻量级场景编码器与条件预测器以调控扩散过程。推理时,模糊度检测模块激活相应条件:仅在目标不明确时采用显式动作,其余情况恢复为最优高效路径。我们在操作与导航任务上评估了SCDP,结果表明其在模糊环境下显著提升可读性,同时在非必要时维持高效性能,且无需重新训练基础策略。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Striking a balance between efficiency and transparent motion is a core challenge in human-robot collaboration, as highly expressive movements often incur unnecessary time and energy costs. In collaborative environments, legibility allows a human observer a better understanding of the robot's actions, increasing safety and trust. However, these behaviors result in sub-optimal and exaggerated trajectories that are redundant in low-ambiguity scenarios where the robot's goal is already obvious. To address this trade-off, we propose Style-Conditioned Diffusion Policy (SCDP), a modular framework that constrains the trajectory generation of a pre-trained diffusion model toward either legibility or efficiency based on the environment's configuration. Our method utilizes a post-training pipeline that freezes the base policy and trains a lightweight scene encoder and conditioning predictor to modulate the diffusion process. At inference time, an ambiguity detection module activates the appropriate conditioning, prioritizing expressive motion only for ambiguous goals and reverting to efficient paths otherwise. We evaluate SCDP on manipulation and navigation tasks, and results show that it enhances legibility in ambiguous settings while preserving optimal efficiency when legibility is unnecessary, all without retraining the base policy.
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