用物理仿真实现船舶吊机双摆晃动实时抑制,无需复杂模型或大量训练。
Onboard MuJoCo-based Model Predictive Control for Shipboard Crane with Double-Pendulum Sway Suppression
- 基于MuJoCo的预测控制框架,通过采样优化动作序列直接在仿真中规划。
- 在嵌入式设备上实时运行,抗风浪扰动能力优于传统PID与强化学习方法。
- 对未建模的额外负载等不确定性具有鲁棒性,适合实际海况部署。
海上重型货物转运依赖高效吊机操作,但受限于危险的双摆晃动。该晃动在近海环境中因风浪扰动进一步加剧。人工手动抑制欠驱动系统中的振荡极为困难。现有控制方法多依赖简化解析模型,而深度强化学习方法在未见条件下泛化能力差。在计算资源受限、高度非线性的物理系统上部署预测控制器,且不依赖大量离线训练或复杂解析模型,仍具挑战。本文提出一个完整的实时控制流程,基于MuJoCo MPC框架,采用交叉熵方法规划器,在物理仿真中直接评估候选动作序列。通过模拟滚动,该采样方法有效平衡动态目标跟踪与晃动抑制,无需复杂解析模型。实验表明,控制器可在资源受限嵌入式硬件上高效运行,对抗外部基底扰动的表现优于传统PID和强化学习基线。此外,系统在引入第二个未建模负载时仍表现出鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Transferring heavy payloads in maritime settings relies on efficient crane operation, limited by hazardous double-pendulum payload sway. This sway motion is further exacerbated in offshore environments by external perturbations from wind and ocean waves. Manual suppression of these oscillations on an underactuated crane system by human operators is challenging. Existing control methods struggle in such settings, often relying on simplified analytical models, while deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches tend to generalise poorly to unseen conditions. Deploying a predictive controller onto compute-constrained, highly non-linear physical systems without relying on extensive offline training or complex analytical models remains a significant challenge. Here we show a complete real-time control pipeline centered on the MuJoCo MPC framework that leverages a cross-entropy method planner to evaluate candidate action sequences directly within a physics simulator. By using simulated rollouts, this sampling-based approach successfully reconciles the conflicting objectives of dynamic target tracking and sway damping without relying on complex analytical models. We demonstrate that the controller can run effectively on a resource-constrained embedded hardware, while outperforming traditional PID and RL baselines in counteracting external base perturbations. Furthermore, our system demonstrates robustness even when subjected to unmodeled physical discrepancies like the introduction of a second payload.
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