机器人自主规划视角,实现复杂管道的全覆盖检查。
Coverage First Next Best View for Inspection of Cluttered Pipe Networks Using Mobile Manipulators
- 基于信息增益重定义覆盖路径规划,兼顾探索与利用。
- 实验验证系统能完整重建管道并全貌覆盖,无碰撞。
- 适用于高危环境下的移动机械臂自动巡检,如核电站。
机器人对放射性区域的巡检可使操作员远离危险环境;然而,在狭小、杂乱环境中进行路径规划与操作仍具挑战性。系统需自主重建未知环境,全面覆盖表面,并在存在障碍物的情况下估计与避障。本文提出一种新型的“下一位最佳视角”规划方法,通过信息增益重构覆盖路径规划问题,实现环境的同步探索与利用。为处理不确定性下的避障,我们扩展了向量场不等式框架,通过机会约束在约束最优控制律中显式考虑几何基元的随机测量。该随机约束在移动机械臂上于狭小环境中对管道网络的巡检实验中进行了验证。结果表明,系统可自主规划并执行巡检与覆盖路径,完成简化管道网络的重建与全覆盖。同时,系统在线准确估计几何基元,并在视点间运动中成功避障。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robotic inspection of radioactive areas enables operators to be removed from hazardous environments; however, planning and operating in confined, cluttered environments remain challenging. These systems must autonomously reconstruct the unknown environment and cover its surfaces, whilst estimating and avoiding collisions with objects in the environment. In this paper, we propose a new planning approach based on next-best-view that enables simultaneous exploration and exploitation of the environment by reformulating the coverage path planning problem in terms of information gain. To handle obstacle avoidance under uncertainty, we extend the vector-field-inequalities framework to explicitly account for stochastic measurements of geometric primitives in the environment via chance constraints in a constrained optimal control law. The stochastic constraints were evaluated experimentally alongside the planner on a mobile manipulator in a confined environment to inspect a pipe network. These experiments demonstrate that the system can autonomously plan and execute inspection and coverage paths to reconstruct and fully cover the simplified pipe network. Moreover, the system successfully estimated geometric primitives online and avoided collisions during motion between viewpoints.
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