arXiv:2603.16806cs.ROcs.AI2026-03被引 5

无需重新训练,一招通用于不同机械手的灵巧抓取。

DexGrasp-Zero: A Morphology-Aligned Policy for Zero-Shot Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping

  • 用解剖结构对齐的图模型表示机械手,统一不同形态的手部动作
  • 在仿真中对4种手型联合训练,未见手型抓取成功率85%
  • 真实机器人测试平均成功率82%,适合跨硬件部署的抓取任务

为应对日益多样的灵巧手硬件需求,亟需开发无需重训即可跨硬件通用的抓取策略。由于手部运动学结构和物理约束差异大,现有方法通常先预测中间动作目标再适配到不同手型,易引入误差并违反特定手型的物理限制,阻碍跨手型迁移。为此,我们提出DexGrasp-Zero,一种从多种手型学习通用抓取技能的策略,实现对未见过手型的零样本迁移。我们引入一种形态对齐的图表示,将每只手的运动关键点映射至解剖学意义节点,并为每个节点配备三轴正交运动基元,实现跨不同形态的结构与语义对齐。基于此图表示,设计形态对齐图卷积网络(MAGCN),融合手型特异性物理约束的注入机制,动态补偿不同连杆长度与驱动极限,实现精确稳定抓取。在YCB数据集上的大量仿真评估表明,该策略联合训练四类异构手型(Allegro, Shadow, Schunk, Ability),在未见手型(LEAP, Inspire)上达到85%零样本成功率,优于当前最优方法59.5%。真实世界实验进一步在三个机器人平台(LEAP, Inspire, Revo2)上验证,对未见物体平均成功率达82%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

To meet the demands of increasingly diverse dexterous hand hardware, it is crucial to develop a policy that enables zero-shot cross-embodiment grasping without redundant re-learning. Cross-embodiment alignment is challenging due to heterogeneous hand kinematics and physical constraints. Existing approaches typically predict intermediate motion targets and retarget them to each embodiment, which may introduce errors and violate embodiment-specific limits, hindering transfer across diverse hands. To overcome these limitations, we propose DexGrasp-Zero, a policy that learns universal grasping skills from diverse embodiments, enabling zero-shot transfer to unseen hands. We first introduce a morphology-aligned graph representation that maps each hand's kinematic keypoints to anatomically grounded nodes and equips each node with tri-axial orthogonal motion primitives, enabling structural and semantic alignment across different morphologies. Relying on this graph-based representation, we design a Morphology-Aligned Graph Convolutional Network (MAGCN) to encode the graph for policy learning. MAGCN incorporates a Physical Property Injection mechanism that fuses hand-specific physical constraints into the graph features, enabling adaptive compensation for varying link lengths and actuation limits for precise and stable grasping. Our extensive simulation evaluations on the YCB dataset demonstrate that our policy, jointly trained on four heterogeneous hands (Allegro, Shadow, Schunk, Ability), achieves an 85% zero-shot success rate on unseen hardware (LEAP, Inspire), outperforming the state-of-the-art method by 59.5%. Real-world experiments further evaluate our policy on three robot platforms (LEAP, Inspire, Revo2), achieving an 82% average success rate on unseen objects.

灵巧抓取跨硬件图神经网络零样本

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