用语言描述生成特定认知行为的脑电波,精度达亚微伏级。
DECODE: Dual-Enhanced Conditioned Diffusion for EEG Forecasting

- 结合语言描述与历史脑电信号,用扩散模型生成事件特异的神经响应。
- 在5种驾驶行为上预测75步,平均误差0.626微伏,不确定性估计准确。
- 支持零样本泛化,适合可解释脑机接口和认知神经研究。
在认知活动中预测脑电图(EEG)信号仍是神经科学与脑机接口(BCIs)中的基本挑战,现有方法难以同时捕捉神经动力学的随机性与行为任务的语义背景。本文提出双增强条件扩散框架DECODE,将自然语言描述的语义引导与历史信号的时间动态相结合,生成特定事件的神经反应。DECODE利用预训练语言模型对扩散过程进行语义条件约束,同时通过基于历史的Langevin动力学保持时间一致性。在包含五种不同行为的真实驾驶任务数据集上评估,DECODE在75个时间步的预测中达到0.626微伏的平均绝对误差(MAE),且不确定性估计良好校准。结果表明,自然语言能有效连接高层认知描述与底层神经动态,为新行为的零样本泛化和可解释脑机接口开辟了新路径。通过生成基于语义描述的生理合理、事件特异的EEG轨迹,DECODE建立了一种理解与预测情境依赖神经活动的新范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Forecasting Electroncephalography (EEG) signals during cognitive events remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), as existing methods struggle to capture both the stochastic nature of neural dynamics and the semantic context of behavioral tasks. We present the Dual-Enhanced COnditioned Diffusion (DECODE) for EEG, a novel framework that unifies semantic guidance from natural language descriptions with temporal dynamics from historical signals to generate event-specific neural responses. DECODE leverages pre-trained language models to condition the diffusion process on rich textual descriptions of cognitive events, while maintaining temporal coherence through history-based Langevin dynamics. Evaluated on a real-world driving task dataset with five distinct behaviors, DECODE achieves sub-microvolt prediction accuracy (MAE = 0.626 microvolt) over 75 timestep horizons while maintaining well-calibrated uncertainty estimates. Our framework demonstrates that natural language can effectively bridge high-level cognitive descriptions and low-level neural dynamics, opening new possibilities for zero-shot generalization to novel behaviors and interpretable BCIs. By generating physiologically plausible, event-specific EEG trajectories conditioned on semantic descriptions, DECODE establishes a new paradigm for understanding and predicting context-dependent neural activity.
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