18名美国女性用生成式AI查生殖健康信息，发现隐私风险高但防护少。
Privacy and Safety Experiences and Concerns of U.S. Women Using Generative AI for Seeking Sexual and Reproductive Health Information
- 通过访谈了解女性使用GenAI查生殖健康信息的体验
- 超半数人披露敏感信息，担忧政府监控和数据滥用
- 建议增加健康专用功能与更强内容监管
生成式AI聊天机器人迅速改变性与生殖健康（SRH）信息获取方式，尤其在罗伊诉韦德案被推翻后，许多出生时被指定为女性的人转向线上渠道。然而，现有研究多聚焦模型本身，忽视用户隐私与安全。我们对18位来自限制性与非限制性州的美国参与者进行了半结构化访谈，他们曾使用GenAI聊天机器人获取SRH信息。使用动机包括感知效用、易用性、可信度、可及性和拟人化特征，多人披露了敏感个人健康信息。参与者识别出多重隐私风险：过度数据收集、政府监视、用户画像、模型训练中的数据使用以及数据商品化。尽管多数人愿意承担这些风险以换取信息价值，但涉及堕胎的查询引发更强烈的安全担忧。仅有少数人采取保护措施，如减少披露或删除数据。基于此，我们提出设计与政策建议，如引入健康特定功能和强化内容审核机制，以提升GenAI支持下的生殖健康信息查询中的隐私与安全。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid adoption of generative AI (GenAI) chatbots has reshaped access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, particularly following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, as individuals assigned female at birth increasingly turn to online sources. However, existing research remains largely model-centered, paying limited attention to user privacy and safety. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 U.S.-based participants from both restrictive and non-restrictive states who had used GenAI chatbots to seek SRH information. Adoption was influenced by perceived utility, usability, credibility, accessibility, and anthropomorphism, and many participants disclosed sensitive personal SRH details. Participants identified multiple privacy risks, including excessive data collection, government surveillance, profiling, model training, and data commodification. While most participants accepted these risks in exchange for perceived utility, abortion-related queries elicited heightened safety concerns. Few participants employed protective strategies beyond minimizing disclosures or deleting data. Based on these findings, we offer design and policy recommendations, such as health-specific features and stronger moderation practices, to enhance privacy and safety in GenAI-supported SRH information seeking.
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