arXiv:2603.17343cs.CV2026-03被引 5

用智能体强化学习让多个检测器协作推理,自动识别生成图像。

EvoGuard: An Extensible Agentic RL-based Framework for Practical and Evolving AI-Generated Image Detection

  • 设计智能体框架,让多个检测器协同推理并交叉验证结果。
  • 仅用二值标签训练,准确率超越单模型与静态集成方法。
  • 可无缝接入新检测器,无需重新训练,适合长期应对新生成图像。

AI生成图像的泛滥带来严重虚假信息风险,检测至关重要但极具挑战。传统方法依赖低层特征,近年研究转向利用多模态大模型的通用理解能力以提升泛化性,但仍存在扩展性差和标注成本高的问题。本文不另建检测器,而是将检测任务重构为基于异构现成检测器的、可学习的推理式证据合成,提出EvoGuard这一新型智能体框架。通过能力感知选择机制为每个检测器打标并收集互补证据;动态编排机制在多轮推理中对异构输出进行交叉验证,处理矛盾或低置信信号后得出结论。该设计充分利用异构检测器间的互补优势,突破单一模型局限。同时,采用基于GRPO的智能体强化学习算法,仅需低成本二值标签优化,彻底摆脱细粒度标注依赖。大量实验表明,该学习推理范式优于单模型和静态集成,达到当前最优准确率,并缓解正负样本间偏差。更重要的是,支持新检测器即插即用,在无需训练的情况下提升整体性能,为持续演进的AI生成图像威胁提供实用长效解决方案。源代码将在接受后公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rapid proliferation of AI-Generated Images (AIGIs) poses severe misinformation risks, making AIGI detection critical yet challenging. Traditional detection paradigms mainly rely on low-level features, whereas recent research increasingly focuses on leveraging the general understanding ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to achieve better generalization, yet it still suffers from limited extensibility and expensive data annotations. Instead of building yet another detector, we recast AIGI detection as learned, reasoning-based evidence synthesis over a pool of heterogeneous off-the-shelf detectors, realized through EvoGuard, a novel agentic framework. A capability-aware selection mechanism profiles each detector and gathers complementary evidence per sample; a dynamic orchestration mechanism then reasons over heterogeneous outputs across multiple rounds, cross-validating conflicting or low-confidence signals before concluding. This design exploits the complementary strengths among heterogeneous detectors, transcending the limits of any single model. Furthermore, optimized by a GRPO-based Agentic Reinforcement Learning algorithm using only low-cost binary labels, it eliminates the reliance on fine-grained annotations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that this learned reasoning paradigm outperforms single-detector and static ensembling, achieving SOTA accuracy while mitigating the bias between positive and negative samples. More importantly, it allows the plug-and-play integration of new detectors to boost overall performance in a train-free manner, offering a highly practical, long-term solution to ever-evolving AIGI threats. Source code will be publicly available upon acceptance.

图像检测智能体强化学习生成内容

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