arXiv:2603.17445cs.AIcs.CL2026-03

让生成文本自带责任标记,解决多智能体系统无法追溯的问题

When Only the Final Text Survives: Implicit Execution Tracing for Multi-Agent Auditing

  • 在生成时嵌入智能体专属的统计信号,使文本自证来源
  • 仅凭最终文本即可准确还原各段内容归属与切换节点
  • 适用于隐私保护、日志缺失等真实场景下的责任审计

当多智能体系统产生错误或有害输出,而执行日志和智能体标识不可用时,谁应负责?现实中,生成内容常因隐私或系统边界脱离执行环境,仅剩最终文本可被审计。现有溯源方法依赖完整执行轨迹,因此在无元数据条件下失效。我们提出隐式执行追踪(IET),一种溯源即设计的框架,将溯源从事后推断转变为生成时内置机制。IET 在生成阶段嵌入智能体特异、密钥条件的统计信号,使输出文本成为自验证的溯源记录。离线审计者仅需持有映射每个智能体与其密钥的验证注册表,即可从最终文本中恢复段级溯源信息——包括段边界和每段的智能体归属,无需访问执行日志或私有轨迹。在多种多智能体协作设置下的实验表明,IET 在身份移除、边界破坏和隐私保护删减条件下仍能实现准确的段级溯源与可靠转换恢复,同时保持生成质量。结果表明,将溯源嵌入生成过程,为元数据丢失环境下多智能体语言系统的问责提供了实用基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

When a multi-agent system produces an incorrect or harmful answer, who is accountable if execution logs and agent identifiers are unavailable? In practice, generated content is often detached from its execution environment due to privacy or system boundaries, leaving the final text as the only auditable artifact. Existing attribution methods rely on full execution traces and thus become ineffective in such metadata-deprived settings. We propose Implicit Execution Tracing (IET), a provenance-by-design framework that shifts attribution from post-hoc inference to built-in instrumentation. Rather than inferring provenance after the fact, IET embeds agent-specific, key-conditioned statistical signals into the token generation process at generation time, turning the output text into a self-verifying provenance record. An offline auditor, holding a verification registry that maps each agent to its key, then recovers segment-level provenance - segment boundaries and per-segment agent attribution - from the final text alone without access to execution logs or private traces. Experiments across diverse multi-agent coordination settings demonstrate that IET achieves accurate segment-level attribution and reliable transition recovery under identity removal, boundary corruption, and privacy-preserving redaction, while maintaining generation quality. These results show that embedding provenance into generation provides a practical foundation for accountability in multi-agent language systems under metadata loss.

多智能体溯源审计生成可信

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