arXiv:2603.17478cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

用AutoML优化波形生成,5层网络达到98.8%传统算法性能。

Auto-Unrolled Proximal Gradient Descent: An AutoML Approach to Interpretable Waveform Optimization

  • 将梯度下降算法展开为可学习参数的神经网络,结合自动调参提升效率。
  • 仅用100个样本训练,5层网络即实现98.8%的传统200次迭代性能。
  • 模型可解释性强,适合需要透明性与低计算成本的无线系统设计。

本研究将自动化机器学习(AutoML)与基于模型的深度展开(DU)结合,用于优化无线波束成形和波形。将迭代近端梯度下降(PGD)算法转化为深度神经网络,各层参数由学习获得而非预设。通过引入混合层,在近端投影前进行可学习的线性梯度变换。利用AutoGluon配合树结构潘兹估计器(TPE)在扩展搜索空间中优化超参数,包括网络深度、步长初始化、优化器、学习率调度器、层类型和梯度后激活函数。所提出的自动展开PGD(Auto-PGD)仅用5层即可达到传统200次迭代PGD解法98.8%的频谱效率,且仅需100个训练样本。同时解决梯度归一化问题以确保训练与评估的一致性,并展示逐层速率日志作为透明性工具。该方法显著降低训练数据量与推理开销,同时保持高可解释性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This study explores the combination of automated machine learning (AutoML) with model-based deep unfolding (DU) for optimizing wireless beamforming and waveforms. We convert the iterative proximal gradient descent (PGD) algorithm into a deep neural network, wherein the parameters of each layer are learned instead of being predetermined. Additionally, we enhance the architecture by incorporating a hybrid layer that performs a learnable linear gradient transformation prior to the proximal projection. By utilizing AutoGluon with a tree-structured parzen estimator (TPE) for hyperparameter optimization (HPO) across an expanded search space, which includes network depth, step-size initialization, optimizer, learning rate scheduler, layer type, and post-gradient activation, the proposed auto-unrolled PGD (Auto-PGD) achieves 98.8% of the spectral efficiency of a traditional 200-iteration PGD solver using only five unrolled layers, while requiring only 100 training samples. We also address a gradient normalization issue to ensure consistent performance during training and evaluation, and we illustrate per-layer sum-rate logging as a tool for transparency. These contributions highlight a notable reduction in the amount of training data and inference cost required, while maintaining high interpretability compared to conventional black-box architectures.

波形优化AutoML可解释性无线通信

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