arXiv:2603.17534cs.AIcs.LG2026-03

让机器解释为什么大额贷款申请仍能获批,提升可解释性。

Informative Semi-Factuals for XAI: The Elaborated Explanations that People Prefer

  • 通过引入隐藏特征,生成更详细的半事实解释
  • 在多个数据集上验证了解释质量和信息量的提升
  • 用户实验证明人们更偏好这种详细解释

近年来,可解释人工智能(XAI)中出现了一种名为半事实解释的方法,用于说明在某些输入特征改变时,预测结果仍保持不变。例如,在银行贷款场景中,系统可告知用户:‘即使申请额度翻倍,仍可能获批’。现有方法仅关注单一关键特征的最大值变化对结果无影响的情况,但未解释为何这些极端变化不会改变结果。本文提出新的‘信息丰富半事实’(ISF)算法,通过补充影响决策的隐藏特征信息,生成更详尽的解释。实验表明,该方法在基准数据集上生成的半事实解释兼具高信息量与高质量。用户研究进一步证实,人们更倾向于选择这种详尽的解释,而非传统半事实解释。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recently, in eXplainable AI (XAI), $\textit{even if}$ explanations -- so-called semi-factuals -- have emerged as a popular strategy that explains how a predicted outcome $\textit{can remain the same}$ even when certain input-features are altered. For example, in the commonly-used banking app scenario, a semi-factual explanation could inform customers about better options, other alternatives for their successful application, by saying "$\textit{Even if}$ you asked for double the loan amount, you would still be accepted". Most semi-factuals XAI algorithms focus on finding maximal value-changes to a single key-feature that do $\textit{not}$ alter the outcome (unlike counterfactual explanations that often find minimal value-changes to several features that alter the outcome). However, no current semi-factual method explains $\textit{why}$ these extreme value-changes do not alter outcomes; for example, a more informative semi-factual could tell the customer that it is their good credit score that allows them to borrow double their requested loan. In this work, we advance a new algorithm -- the $\textit{informative semi-factuals}$ (ISF) method -- that generates more elaborated explanations supplementing semi-factuals with information about additional $\textit{hidden features}$ that influence an automated decision. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that this ISF method computes semi-factuals that are both informative and of high-quality on key metrics. Furthermore, a user study shows that people prefer these elaborated explanations over the simpler semi-factual explanations generated by current methods.

可解释AI半事实用户偏好

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