让智能体每步都查历史经验,提升多轮任务表现。
SLEA-RL: Step-Level Experience Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Agentic Training
- 每一步根据当前状态动态检索过往经验,而非固定使用初始信息。
- 在长程多轮任务中,性能超越多个强化学习基线方法。
- 适合需要持续学习和策略优化的复杂交互式智能体系统。
大型语言模型代理在多轮工具使用任务中表现优异,但在训练过程中独立运行,未能利用跨轮次积累的经验。现有经验增强方法将轨迹组织为可检索库,但仅基于初始任务描述一次性检索并固定使用,难以适应多轮中每步观测变化的情况。本文提出SLEA-RL(步级经验增强强化学习),在每个决策步骤基于当前观测动态检索相关经验。该框架包含三部分:(i) 步级观测聚类,对结构相似环境状态分组以实现高效索引检索;(ii) 自演化经验库,通过评分机制准入与限速提取,提炼成功策略与失败模式;(iii) 步级信用分配下的策略优化,实现多轮任务中的细粒度优势估计。经验库通过语义分析而非梯度更新随策略演进。在长时程多轮代理基准测试中,SLEA-RL显著优于多种强化学习基线方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown strong results on multi-turn tool-use tasks, yet they operate in isolation during training, failing to leverage experiences accumulated across episodes. Existing experience-augmented methods address this by organizing trajectories into retrievable libraries, but they retrieve experiences only once based on the initial task description and hold them constant throughout the episode. In multi-turn settings where observations change at every step, this static retrieval becomes increasingly mismatched as episodes progress. We propose SLEA-RL (Step-Level Experience-Augmented Reinforcement Learning), a framework that retrieves relevant experiences at each decision step conditioned on the current observation. SLEA-RL operates through three components: (i) step-level observation clustering that groups structurally equivalent environmental states for efficient cluster-indexed retrieval; (ii) a self-evolving experience library that distills successful strategies and failure patterns through score-based admission and rate-limited extraction; and (iii) policy optimization with step-level credit assignment for fine-grained advantage estimation across multi-turn episodes. The experience library evolves alongside the policy through semantic analysis rather than gradient updates. Experiments on long-horizon multi-turn agent benchmarks demonstrate that SLEA-RL achieves superior performance compared to various reinforcement learning baselines.
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