arXiv:2603.18113cs.LGcs.AI2026-03中稿 · WWW2026被引 1

通过一致性数据筛选,让大模型同时满足多个对立价值观。

VC-Soup: Value-Consistency Guided Multi-Value Alignment for Large Language Models

  • 用余弦相似度衡量偏好对跨价值一致性,筛选高质量数据
  • 训练后线性合并策略,实现多价值平衡且性能更优
  • 适合需兼顾多种人类价值观的AI系统设计者

随着大语言模型在内容生成、交互和决策中扮演关键角色,使其与人类价值观对齐成为可信AI的核心目标。当面对多个可能冲突的人类价值观时,这一挑战尤为突出。现有方法如奖励重加权、基于提示的监督微调和模型融合虽有尝试,但仍存在两大局限:(1) 为每种价值组合单独训练模型成本过高;(2) 价值冲突显著降低对齐效果。为此,本文从数据层面的价值一致性出发,提出VC-Soup——一种基于价值一致性学习的数据过滤与参数融合框架。首先设计了一种基于偏好对奖励差向量与全一向量夹角余弦值的一致性度量,量化其跨价值连贯性;随后过滤掉低一致性偏好对,在剩余数据上训练出平滑且具一致性的策略模型,更好保留线性模式连通性;最后线性组合这些策略,并通过帕累托过滤实现多价值间的平衡表现。大量实验与理论分析表明,VC-Soup有效缓解价值冲突,持续优于现有方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly shape content generation, interaction, and decision-making across the Web, aligning them with human values has become a central objective in trustworthy AI. This challenge becomes even more pronounced when aligning multiple, potentially conflicting human values. Although recent approaches, such as reward reweighting, prompt-based supervised fine-tuning, and model merging, attempt to tackle multi-value alignment, they still face two major limitations: (1) training separate models for each value combination is prohibitively expensive; (2) value conflicts substantially degrade alignment performance. These limitations make it difficult to achieve favorable trade-offs across diverse human values. To address these challenges, we revisit multi-value alignment from the perspective of value consistency in data and propose VC-soup, a data filtering and parameter merging framework grounded in value-consistent learning. We first design a value consistency metric based on the cosine similarity between the reward-gap vector of each preference pair and an all-ones vector, which quantifies its cross-value coherence. We then filter out low-consistency preference pairs in each value dataset and train on the remaining data to obtain smooth, value-consistent policy models that better preserve linear mode connectivity. Finally, we linearly combine these policies and apply Pareto filtering across values to obtain solutions with balanced multi-value performance. Extensive experiments and theoretical analysis demonstrate that VC-soup effectively mitigates conflicts and consistently outperforms existing multi-value alignment methods.

大模型对齐多价值平衡数据筛选

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