arXiv:2603.18342cs.ROcs.AI2026-03被引 4

提升机器人模型失败预测能力,精准捕捉关键时刻的不确定性。

Shifting Uncertainty to Critical Moments: Towards Reliable Uncertainty Quantification for VLA Model

  • 用滑动窗口最大值保留短暂但关键的风险信号
  • 通过动作频率权重突出不稳定行为的高频波动
  • 针对关节自由度自适应校准,聚焦关键运动轴

视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型通过将视觉观测和语言指令映射到低级动作,实现通用机器人策略,但常缺乏可靠的自我认知。当前做法通常对轨迹中每个标记计算不确定性并求均值,但平均会稀释连续控制中短暂却关乎安全的不确定性突增。成功轨迹可能因良性噪声或非关键微调出现局部高熵段,而失败轨迹多数时间熵值低,仅在失败前瞬间出现短时峰值。本文提出统一不确定性量化方法,用于预测轨迹成功或失败:(1) 使用基于最大值的滑动窗口池化保留瞬态风险信号;(2) 引入运动感知稳定性加权,强调与不稳行为相关的高频动作振荡;(3) 通过贝叶斯优化实现自由度自适应校准,优先关注运动学上关键的轴。在LIBERO基准上的实验表明,该方法显著提升失败预测准确率,并生成更可靠的故障检测信号,可支持下游人机协同干预。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable general-purpose robotic policies by mapping visual observations and language instructions to low-level actions, but they often lack reliable introspection. A common practice is to compute a token-level uncertainty signal and take its mean over a rollout. However, mean aggregation can dilute short-lived but safety-critical uncertainty spikes in continuous control. In particular, successful rollouts may contain localized high-entropy segments due to benign noise or non-critical micro-adjustments, while failure rollouts can appear low-entropy for most timesteps and only exhibit brief spikes near the onset of failure. We propose a unified uncertainty quantification approach for predicting rollout success versus failure that (1) uses max-based sliding window pooling to preserve transient risk signals, (2) applies motion-aware stability weighting to emphasize high-frequency action oscillations associated with unstable behaviors, and (3) performs DoF-adaptive calibration via Bayesian Optimization to prioritize kinematically critical axes. Experiments on the LIBERO benchmark show that our method substantially improves failure prediction accuracy and yields more reliable signals for failure detection, which can support downstream human-in-the-loop interventions.

机器人不确定性强化学习故障预测

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