arXiv:2603.18669cs.RO2026-03被引 1

用神经隐式场统一建模机械臂自碰撞与环境碰撞,实现安全运动规划。

CSSDF-Net: Safe Motion Planning Based on Neural Implicit Representations of Configuration Space Distance Field

  • 在配置空间直接学习符号距离场,支持联合空间的梯度查询。
  • 零样本泛化下实现静态与动态场景的稳定避障,点云查询延迟低。
  • 适合复杂场景下的实时运动规划,尤其适用于未见过的新环境。

在非结构化环境中进行高维机械臂操作,需要可微、场景无关的距离查询机制来引导安全运动生成。现有几何碰撞检测通常不可微,而基于工作空间的隐式距离模型受限于工作空间到配置空间的高度非线性映射,常导致收敛困难;此外,自碰撞与环境碰撞通常被分别处理。我们提出配置空间符号距离场网络(CSSDF-Net),在配置空间中直接学习连续符号距离场,以统一的安全几何概念提供关节空间的距离与梯度查询。为实现无需特定环境重训练的零样本泛化,我们引入基于空间哈希的数据生成管道,编码机器人中心的几何先验,并支持对任意障碍物点集高效检索风险配置。所学距离场集成至安全约束轨迹优化与递推时域模型预测控制(MPC),支持离线规划与在线反应式避障。在平面机械臂与7自由度机械臂上的实验表明,该方法具有稳定梯度,在静态与动态场景中有效避障,且支持大规模点云查询的实用推理延迟,适用于此前未见环境的部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

High-dimensional manipulator operation in unstructured environments requires a differentiable, scene-agnostic distance query mechanism to guide safe motion generation. Existing geometric collision checkers are typically non-differentiable, while workspace-based implicit distance models are hindered by the highly nonlinear workspace--configuration mapping and often suffer from poor convergence; moreover, self-collision and environment collision are commonly handled as separate constraints. We propose Configuration-Space Signed Distance Field-Net (CSSDF-Net), which learns a continuous signed distance field directly in configuration space to provide joint-space distance and gradient queries under a unified geometric notion of safety. To enable zero-shot generalization without environment-specific retraining, we introduce a spatial-hashing-based data generation pipeline that encodes robot-centric geometric priors and supports efficient retrieval of risk configurations for arbitrary obstacle point sets. The learned distance field is integrated into safety-constrained trajectory optimization and receding-horizon MPC, enabling both offline planning and online reactive avoidance. Experiments on a planar arm and a 7-DoF manipulator demonstrate stable gradients, effective collision avoidance in static and dynamic scenes, and practical inference latency for large-scale point-cloud queries, supporting deployment in previously unseen environments.

运动规划神经隐式安全控制

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