用少量数据实现高保真无线地图生成,通过物理约束提升泛化能力。
RadioDiff-FS: Physics-Informed Manifold Alignment in Few-Shot Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity Radio Map Construction
- 基于主路径与残差的物理分解,建模多径环境中的特征迁移规律
- 在仅需少量样本下,动态/静态地图的NMSE分别降低74.0%和59.5%
- 适合6G网络规划等数据稀缺场景,尤其适用于低样本条件下的高精度建图
无线地图(RMs)为6G网络规划提供空间连续的传播表征,但高保真构建仍具挑战。严格的电磁求解器计算延迟过高,而数据驱动模型依赖大量标注数据且在复杂多径环境下泛化能力差。本文提出RadioDiff-FS,一种少样本扩散框架,仅需少量高保真样本即可将预训练主路径生成器适配至多径丰富的目标域。该方法基于对多径RM的理论分解——主路径分量与方向稀疏残差,揭示域间转移为有界且几何结构化的特征平移,而非任意分布变化。为此引入方向一致性损失(DCL),约束扩散得分更新沿物理合理的传播方向,抑制低数据条件下产生的相位不一致伪影。实验表明,RadioDiff-FS相较基线扩散模型在静态和动态RM上分别降低59.5%和74.0%的NMSE,达到SSIM 0.9752、PSNR 36.37 dB,即使每场景仅用单一样本(一拍设置)也超越所有全监督基线,验证了方向约束在极端数据稀缺下的有效归纳偏置。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Radio maps (RMs) provide spatially continuous propagation characterizations essential for 6G network planning, but high-fidelity RM construction remains challenging. Rigorous electromagnetic solvers incur prohibitive computational latency, while data-driven models demand massive labeled datasets and generalize poorly from simplified simulations to complex multipath environments. This paper proposes RadioDiff-FS, a few-shot diffusion framework that adapts a pretrained main-path generator to multipath-rich target domains with only a small number of high-fidelity samples. The adaptation is grounded in a theoretical decomposition of the multipath RM into a dominant main-path component and a directionally sparse residual. This decomposition shows that the cross-domain shift corresponds to a bounded and geometrically structured feature translation rather than an arbitrary distribution change. A direction-consistency loss (DCL) is then introduced to constrain diffusion score updates along physically plausible propagation directions, thereby suppressing phase-inconsistent artifacts that arise in the low-data regime. Experiments show that RadioDiff-FS reduces NMSE by 59.5\% on static RMs and by 74.0\% on dynamic RMs relative to the vanilla diffusion baseline, achieving an SSIM of 0.9752 and a PSNR of 36.37 dB under severely limited supervision. Even in a one-shot setting with a single target-domain sample per scene, RadioDiff-FS outperforms all fully supervised baselines, confirming that the directional constraint provides an effective inductive bias under extreme data scarcity. Code is available at https://github.com/UNIC-Lab/RadioDiff-FS.
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